Notes

First Toungoo Empire
First Toungoo Empire
Burma comes from the Burmese word "Bamar," which is the native word for Myanmar. Since British colonial times, the nation has been known as Burma in English; nevertheless, in 1989, the navy authorities in the nation changed many of the English translations and changed the name to Myanmar. Today, countries and world organizations have selected their very own which name to use for the nation. The United Nations for example, calls it Myanmar, whereas many English speaking countries call it Burma. In 1942, the Imperial Japanese Army invaded the Federated Shan States from Thailand.
However, his hold on Lan Na and Tenasserim coast was nonetheless nominal. The Siamese who initially have been involved in regards to the rising energy of Restored Hanthawaddy now actively supported the ethnic Mon rebels operating in the upper Tenasserim coast. In December 1759, Alaungpaya and his 40,000-strong armies invaded the Tenasserim coast. They crossed over the Tenasserim Hills, and at last reached Ayutthaya on 11 April 1760.
Bayinnaung's eldest son Nanda succeeded but faced an unimaginable task of keeping the ties collectively. Bayinnaung's three brothers, viceroys of Ava, Prome and Toungoo, solely nominally acknowledged their nephew. In October 1583, Nanda found a plot by Thado Minsaw of Ava to overthrow him, and after an in depth preparation, marched to Ava in March 1584. On 24 April 1584, Nanda defeated Thado Minsaw in their elephant duel, and took Ava. A month into the siege, Maha Chakkraphat died, and was succeeded by Mahin in January 1564.
The first goal was Manipur, which had regained independence from Burma since 1782. In February 1814, he despatched an expedition pressure to position his nominee Marjit Singh to the Manipuri throne. The Manipuri army was defeated after heavy preventing, and its raja Chourjit Singh fled into Cachar.
The king formally based the Royal Palace Guards in 1174, the first extant document of a standing military. Pagan's influence reached additional south into the upper Malay peninsula, no much less than to the Salween river within the east, under the current China border in the farther north, and to the west, northern Arakan and the Chin Hills. Up to the primary half of the 13th century, much of mainland Southeast Asia was beneath a point of control of either the Pagan Empire or the Khmer Empire. However, because the transition to new authorities in August 2011, Burma's human rights document has been bettering based on the Crisis Group. The Freedom in the World 2012 report notes enchancment as a result of new reforms.
The Arakanese sacked Dhaka in 1625, after which the Mughal authorities withdrew to safer ground inland. Until 1666, when the Mughals came again with a vengeance, the Arakanese terrorised the entire delta, rounding up slaves whom they sold to the Europeans for a good-looking revenue.
The evolution and progress of Burmese literature and theatre continued, aided by a particularly high adult male literacy rate for the period (half of all males and 5% of females). Monastic and lay elites around the Konbaung kings, notably from Bodawpaya's reign, additionally launched a serious reformation of Burmese intellectual life and monastic organisation and apply known as the Sudhamma Reformation.
Mingyi Nyo declared independence from Ava in 1510, and largely stayed out of the fighting raging between Ava and the Confederation of Shan States. When 徵信公司 fell to the mixed forces of the Confederation and Prome in 1527, many individuals fled to Toungoo, the one region in Upper Burma at peace. After the top of Forty Years' War in 1423, Ava gave up its dream of rebuilding the Pagan Empire. Instead, for the next six a long time, it would struggle to hold on to its vassal states. The new king must reestablish his power all over again by gaining the fealty of all of the vassal states, often by show of drive. Of these, the remote vassal state of Toungoo , tucked away within the southeastern corner across the Pegu Yoma vary, proved most troublesome to successive kings at Ava.
The space that is at present the country of Burma has been dominated by main dynasties in the past. It was during this time at Buddhism turned a significant religion in Burma. The kings of the Bagan Dynasty built many Buddhist shrines and pagodas. This time lasted for round a hundred and fifty years till the Mongol invaders arrived. By late 1754, the siege of Prome was going nowhere for Talaban's males. The besiegers had been able to battle off Konbaung attempts to carry the siege however they might not take the fortified city both. At Pegu, a variety of the Hanthawaddy commanders now feared Alaungpaya's full-scale invasion of the south, and appeared for an alternative.
There was a army crackdown in opposition to Rohingya that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. The disaster pressured over 1,000,000 Rohingya to flee to other countries. Most fled to Bangladesh, ensuing within the creation of Kutupalong refugee camp, the world's largest refugee camp. However, clashes between Burmese troops and local insurgent groups continued. As a consequence of the reforms, ASEAN accredited Burma's bid for the chairmanship in 2014.
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