Notes

Romanesque Architecture
Romanesque architecture, architectural style that was prevalent in western Europe from the middle-11th to the beginning of the Gothic architecture. It is a fusion of Eastern Roman, German, and early Roman. It was also a result of the rising of asceticism during the early 10th century. The Romanesque period architecture was distinguished by the use of massive flat roofs on buildings.

Romanesque architecture is Italian in origin. While the majority of structures are constructed with arches, there are also roofs with pointed arches as well as tiles. The majority of structures have vaulted ceilings that are adorned with ornamental carvings. The Romanesque structures are distinguished by heavy ornamentation, including cornices, but there are also several examples of plain, functional structures. Romanesque architecture is characterized by a variety of themes. They include villas, temples, schools and palaces as well towers and fortresses.

Other architectural styles include Gothic, which is heavily in the influence of Greek architecture, German, which borrowed Roman models for its buildings, and Norman which incorporated elements from all three styles. Both Norman and Gothic have been obliterated in many cities across Europe, while new Romanesque styles have replaced them. Gothic was once a dominant design in large cities, has now become an obscure style.

Gothic architecture, which is characterized by tall, thin stone walls, is distinguished by sharp corners, deep doors and numerous smaller windows. Gothic structures are all over, even on farms, but more rural Romanesque sculptures are available. Gothic architecture is built using natural materials most often, such as wood and stone as well as marble and metal.

Romanesque architecture has a distinct characteristic: arches. Arches were initially used to support columns and to embellish walls. But as the style developed, the use of arches became a way to provide support for staircases and give visual interest to buildings. It is not clear if Romans were inspired from designs of other civilisations such as Egypt or the Parthians. Some scholars believe that the Segovia columns of early Rome influenced the Romanesque arches.

The Romanesque period saw the emergence of tutelage, one the most significant artistic movements of the past. สถาปัตยกรรมโรมาเนสก์ Scutelage was named after Verona, the city where it was first established. It was home to numerous structures, including guardhouses, barns, granaries, churches, and granaries. The construction of these structures included arches, which were built in conjunction with windows and doors. Scutels were used for shelter and to embellish the buildings, hence the word "scutelage".


From a design perspective, the most noticeable aspect of Romanesque architecture is the apex of arches. According to statistics, almost 1/3 of modern roofs are made of arches. Romanesque arches are also very elegant, with designs in a variety of shapes such as ovals, rectangles, circles and the more recent popular squares. They can be made from stone or wood. Although the most popular form of Romanesque architecture is the rounded or squared arch, artisans are also adept at creating arches made of other materials.

Today, Romanesque architecture continues to be extensively used in the areas of building construction, housing as well as town planning and landscape design, architecture furniture, interior design, engineering, and decorative arts. Romanesque design has influenced much of the architecture used in Europe and the United States during the last two centuries. However the Romanesque style has had little influence on the design of buildings and other aspects of the public life in India. These huts, palaces, temples and other structures were not affected by Romanesque architecture. The Indian Romanesque tradition of Indian Romanesque has been reduced to the margins. Many of its intricate details, artistic flourishes and artistic flourishes have been lost in time.

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