Notes

Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (sometimes called the Enlightened Age) was a radical political movement that emerged in the 18th century. It was a movement that emphasized reason and philosophy. Enlightened meant rejecting the traditional authority and advocating a new system that was built on individual advancement. Enlightened thought emphasized concepts that focused on Reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy. It also promoted ideals like tolerance freedom, independence, separation from religion and equality before the law. The Age of Enlightenment was created to counter the negative effects of the new philosophies. It made sure that everyone could read and discuss important topics. This included reading newspapers and journals as well as subscribing to periodic literature as well as participating in public discussions and having serious debates about issues of state and religion.

While the Age of Enlightenment did not have a long time of success it had some notable achievements. The Enlightened Period produced profound improvements in understanding and knowledge. This period is acknowledged for laying the foundation for modern philosophy. It is also believed to be responsible for laying the foundations of architecture. This includes the development of French Revolutionist architecture such as the Montgolsheim or the French Cathedral of Paris.


The Enlightened Period's ideas are often connected to advances in science, medicine, psychology, and architecture in the late Middle Ages. Some of the thinkers that were part of the Age of Enlightenment Period were Roger Bacon, John Locke, William Hazlitt, Michael Angelo, David Van Gogh, Karl Heckscher, Sir Alfred Wallace, Henry Tielecote, and Peterloo. While these thinkers had a strong influence on the way that people think, in the average person's mind, the magnitude of their influence differed from one person to the next.

The most influential thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment weren't those who believed in a transcendent reality. This included denial of the existence of God, or of the existence of any objective truth independent of human experience and opinions. The most prominent among the great minds who opposed religion were David Hume, Charles Darwin, Emily Dickinson, Christopher Hillman, Sidney Poitier, Albert Einstein, and John Locke. Some of these thinkers were religious zealots who saw the end of the world as a time of universal happiness. Others were skeptical of the materialistic view of life and advocated for an empathetic approach to life.

A prominent philosopher of reason, Leibniz was born in Germany in 1797. He was a fervent student of philosophy from an early age. He spent much of his youth studying the works of Seneca, Aristotle and Plato. Descartes' idea of mind and body was particularly influential on Leibniz. Leibniz like many other philosophers of his time, denied that there was an incongruity between the mind and the body. Instead, he suggested that our minds alone comprehend reality, while the body reacts to our thoughts. Leibniz believed that knowledge is the understanding of how a thing is a part of reality.

In contrast to some of the more radical philosophical theories of the day, including Naturalism, Leibniz maintained that religion was only a means to make sense of a world that does not conform to any common notions of common. Because he disagreed with the metaphysics of Aristotle Some of which claimed that human knowledge could be knowledge of an external object with no any reference to an inner truth, Leibniz was often criticized by philosophers of the same ilk for his methods. However, he was steadfast on his denial of Reason as the source of knowledge even after his imprisonment during the period of the French Revolution.

Many strands of philosophical thought were also included in the Age of Enlightenment. One of the most influential was Malebranche. Malebranche is best known for his work Descartes Live. Age of Enlightenment He argued that reason is a myth and that the best ideas should be based on actual experience. The most well-known contribution to the Age of Enlightenment was the Encyclopaedia metaphorical, or the map of thought in the Age of Enlightenment. The Encyclopaedia was created during Catherine the Great's reign and covers all of Europe and Asia, Africa, Latin America and Australia. It also includes the Islands of New Zealand, Bermuda, and New Zealand.

Immanuel Kant was a French philosopher, was a major influencer in the Age of Enlightenment. Born in 1790, Kant argued that only logic can give us an accurate foundation for understanding. Contrary to other philosophers however, Kant maintained that the truths that are able to be discovered must be self-consciously accessibleand through experience. This can only be accomplished by having a subject capable of producing truths, and through this subject knowledge of the object is generated. This is similar to Kant's idea that objects exist in nature and we are able to observe their attributes and physical properties. Kant's system of aesthetics divided aesthetics into three categories, the subjective, objective, and the calculative. Each of these categories has its own pre-requisites.

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