Notes

4. Why is it brave for Protesilaus to be the first to leap ashore?> ~the oracle said that he who landed first would be the first to die> Who is the greatest of the Trojan warriors?> ~Hector> Of the Greek warriors?> ~Achilles> What does each of them know will happen to them before Troy is taken?> ~they will die>5. For how many years does victory go back and forth?> ~nine> What two Greeks have a fight that turns outcome in favor of the >Trojans?> ~Achilles and Agamemnon> What is the fight about?> ~over a women (Chryseis)>6. Which gods are on the side of the Trojans?> ~Aphrodite, Ares, Apollo, Artemis, Zeus> Which are on the side of the Greeks?> ~Hera, Athena, Poseidon>7. What does Aphrodite do to protect Paris when he fights alone against >Menelaus?> ~She tore away the strap that kept the helmet on so that it came away >in Menelaus’ hand. She caught Paris in a cloud and took him >back to Troy.> What happens to keep the Greeks and Trojans from coming to an >agreement?> ~Hera’s prompting>8. Who almost dies at the hand of Diomedes?> ~Hector> Who tries to stop Diomedes?> ~Aphrodite> Are they successful?> ~no>9.*How is Ares stopped when he is fighting for Hector with the Trojans?> ~Athena interfered and hurled a spear at him> Does this loss hurt the Trojans?> ~yes> How do the Trojans try to fix it?> ~they offer Athena the most beautiful robe and prayed for her to have >mercy>10.*Why does Zeus leave Olympus and go to help the Trojans himself?> ~he remembered his promise to Thetis to avenge Achilles’ wrong>11.What nickname do the Trojans give Hector?> ~Tamer of the horses>12.*How do the Greeks try to appease Achilles?> ~they offered him many rich gifts if he would yield> What is his response?> ~an absolute refusal>13.*What is Hera’s plan?> ~she must go to Zeus looking so lovely that he could not refuse her; >then when he took her in his arms she would pour sweet sleep upon >him and he would forget the Trojans.> Does it work?> ~yes> How does Hector escape harm?> ~Aeneas lifted him and bore him away> Who has been helping the Greeks against Zeus’ wishes?> ~Poseidon> Who stops the Greeks from conquering Troy?> ~Hera> How?> ~she puts Zeus to sleep>14.Who revives Hector?> ~Apollo> To whom does Achilles give his armor and men?> ~Patroclus> Why?> ~Achilles says he cannot go back for he is a man dishonored> What happens when Patroclus meets Hector face to face?> ~his doom was sealed> Who gets Achilles’ armor?> ~Hector>15.Why does Achilles enter the fight again?> ~he says he didn’t help his comrade in his sore need> Who makes his new armor?> ~Hephaestus> Who is appointed by Zeus to die during this battle?> ~Hector and Achilles>16.Why does Hector not flee into Troy?> ~He believes that he is destined to die either way> Who accompanies Achilles in battle?> ~Athena> Why does Hector stop his flight around the walls of Troy?> ~Athena appeared beside him in the shape of his brother> Who does he think is his ally?> ~Deiphobus> Who is it really?> ~Athena> What covenant does Hector try to make with Achilles?> ~He asks him to give his body to his father and mother> Does Achilles accept?> ~no>17.*Does Achilles succeed in killing Hector the first time he throws his >spear?> ~no> Who brings it back to him?> ~Athena> Why doesn’t Hector’s spear kill Achilles?> ~his armor was magical and could not be pierced>18. What does Achilles do with Hector’s body?> ~stripped the bloody armor, pierced the feet of the dead man and >fastened them with thongs to the back of his chariot, letting the >head trail. Then he lashed his horses and round and round the >walls of Troy hw dragged all that was left of glorious Hector.> What three gods on Olympus do not mind the abuse of the dead?> ~Hera> ~Athena> ~Poseidon> How does the King regain Hector’s body?> ~He begged Achilles> How many days do they mourn Hector?> ~nine> Describe the funeral.> ~They laid him on a lofty pyre and set fire to it. When all was >burned they quenched the flame with wine and gathered the bones >into a golden urn, shrouding them in soft purple. They set >the urn in a hollow grave and piled great stones over it.>>Study Guide for Chapter Fourteen: The Fall of Troy>>1.* Why did Apollo guide the arrow into Achilles’ heel?> ~It is the only place he can be wounded and killed.> How had Achilles’ mother been careless?> ~She dipped him into the River Styx to make him invulnerable, but did >not see to it that the water covered the part of his foot she was >holding.>2. What did Athena do to Ajax?> ~she struck him with madness> When Ajax saw what he had done, what did he say?> ~“The poor cattle killed to no purpose by my hand! And I stand here >alone, hateful to men and to gods. In such a state only a coward >clings to life. A man if he cannot live nobly can die nobly.”> What did he do?> ~killed himself>3. What did the prophet Helenus predict about the war?> ~Troy would not fall until some one fought against the Trojans with >the bow and arrows of Hercules.>4. When Paris was wounded, what did he request?> ~to be carried back to Oenone, the nymph he had lived with on Mount >Ida before the three goddesses came to him.> What happened to him and to Oenone?> ~she watched him die and then committed suicide>5.*What plan did Odysseus craft in order to infiltrate Troy?> ~He crafted a wooden horse in order to secretly enter the city inside >of it.>6. What story does Sinon tell to the Trojans?> ~He told them that he was the victim chosen to sacrifice. All was >ready for the awful rite.>7. What happens to Laocoon and how does this affect the Trojan’s reaction?> ~Two serpents crushed the life out of him. He had been punished for >opposing the entry of the horse. They dragged the horse through the >gate and up to the temple of Athena.>8. Describe the battle. What did some of the quick-witted Trojans do?> ~Fires were started in buildings throughout the city. Very many died >before They were able to get a chance to deal a blow in return. >The quickest witted Trojans tore off their own armor and put on >that of the dead Greeks, and many a Greek thinking he was joining >friends discovered too late that they were enemies and paid for >his error with his life.>9.*What is Priam’s fate?> ~Achilles’ son struck him down before the eyes of his wife and >daughters>10.Who was the only goddess to help the Trojan’s that day?> ~Aphrodite> What happens to her son?> ~his wife died>11.*Identify Hecuba. How did the fall of her family mark the end of Troy?> ~Hecuba is an old grey woman. Her family was royalty and with them >dead there is no more Troy