Notes

Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (sometimes called the Enlightened Age) was an era of radical political change that emerged in the latter half of the 18th century. It was a movement that emphasized the philosophy of reason and logic. Enlightened was a rejection of traditional authority and the promotion of a new system founded on individual awakening. The Enlightened era of thought incorporated ideas that focused on Reason as the source of authority and legitimacy, and promoted ideals like tolerance freedom, independence, separation of religion and state and equality before the law. The Age of Enlightenment was created to combat the negative consequences of new philosophies. It made sure that everyone could read and discuss important topics. This included reading journals and newspapers as well as subscribing to periodic literature and participating in public debate and hosting serious debates on topics of religion and state.

Although the Age of Enlightenment did not have a lengthy period of success it had some notable achievements. The Enlightened Period brought about profound improvements in knowledge, understanding, and research. Particularly, this period is credited with laying the basis for modern philosophy. It is also believed to have laid the foundation for architecture. This includes the development of French Revolutionist architecture such as the Montgolsheim or the French Cathedral of Paris.

The ideas of the Enlightened Period are often linked to advances in science, mathematics and medicine, architectural design and psychology in the latter part of the Middle Ages. Roger Bacon and John Locke were among the Age of Enlightenment period's most influential thinkers. Although these thinkers had a powerful influence on the way that people think, in the average person's mind, the degree of their influence varied from one person to the next.

บริษัท สถาปนิก The most influential thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment weren't those who believed in a transcendent reality. This included rejection of the existence of God or the existence of any objective truth, independent of human perception and belief. Charles Darwin, Charles Hume, Sidney Poitier and John Locke were among the most famous people who opposed religion. Some of these thought leaders were religious believers who saw the end of time as an era of universal happiness. Others opposed materialistic views of life and advocated for a more rational approach.


Leibniz is a prominent philosopher and reason was born in Germany in 1797. He was interested in philosophy at an young age and spent a lot of his childhood studying the works of Plato, Aristotle, and Seneca. Leibniz was particularly affected by Descartes' notion of the mind and body. Leibniz, unlike many other philosophers of his day believed that there was an incongruity between mind and body. Leibniz suggested that the mind is the only thing that is able to comprehend reality, while the body is only a reaction to our thoughts. According to Leibniz knowledge is nothing but the knowledge of the form that a thing takes in the real world.

Leibniz believed that religion was a means to understand a world that doesn't conform to the common sense of principles, which was contrary to some of the more radical philosophies of the time, including Naturalism. Leibniz's metaphysics, which claimed that human knowledge could only be the knowledge of an external object was frequently condemned for his method by fellow philosophers. But he remained focused on his denial of Reason as the source of knowledge even after being imprisoned during the the French Revolution.

Many philosophical strands were also included in the Age of Enlightenment. Malebranche was among the most influential. Known for his work Descartes Live, Malebranche argued that reason is fallacious in the natural world and that our thoughts must be based on personal experiences. The most famous contribution to the Age of Enlightenment was the Encyclopaedia metaphorical, also known as the map of thought in the Age of Enlightenment. The Encyclopaedia metaphorical was conceived during Catherine the Great's reign. It covers all of Europe and Asia, Africa, Latin America and Australia. It also includes the Islands of New Zealand, Bermuda, and New Zealand.

Immanuel Kant is a French philosopher, had an influential figure in the Age of Enlightenment. Born in 1790, Kant argued that only logic can provide the foundation of knowledge. Kant was not like other philosophers, believed that the truths that can be discovered must be self-consciously accessible and based on experiences. This can only be accomplished if there is a subject capable of producing truths, and by this subject knowledge of the object is generated. This is similar to Kant's notion that objects exist in nature and we are able to observe their attributes and physical properties. Kant's system of aesthetics divided aesthetics into three categories that are the subjective, objective and the calculative. Each of these categories has its own pre-requisites.

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