Notes

Good Educational Technology
There is not a written evidence that may tell us exactly who has coined the phrase educational technology. Different educationists, scientists and philosophers at different time intervals have put forwarded different explanations of Educational Technology. Educational technology is a multifaceted in addition to integrated process concerning people, procedure, concepts, devices, and corporation, where technology coming from different fields involving science is borrowed as per the particular need and need of education intended for implementing, evaluating, in addition to managing solutions to those problems involved within all aspects of human learning.

Educational technology, broadly speaking, has passed through five stages.

The first level of educational technology is coupled using the use associated with aids like graphs, maps, symbols, versions, specimens and concrete materials. The phrase educational technology has been used as alternatives to audio-visual helps.

The second level of educational technological innovation is associated along with the 'electronic revolution' with the advantages and establishment of sophisticated hardware in addition to software. Use of various audio-visual helps like projector, magic lanterns, tape-recorder, broadcast and television produced a revolutionary change within the educational circumstance. Accordingly, educational technological innovation concept was consumed in terms of these kinds of sophisticated instruments and equipments for effective presentation of educational materials.

The 3 rd stage of educative technology is linked with the development of advertising which in turn in turn guided to 'communication revolution' for instructional purposes. Computer-assisted Instruction (CAI) used for education since 1950s furthermore became popular throughout this era.

Typically the fourth stage involving educational technology will be discernible by the individualized process associated with instruction. Introduced involving programmed learning in addition to programmed instruction supplied a new sizing to educational technological innovation. A system associated with self-learning based upon self-instructional materials plus teaching machines come about.

The latest idea of educational technology is influenced by typically the idea of system anatomist or system technique which focuses upon language laboratories, teaching machines, programmed coaching, multimedia technologies in addition to the use regarding the computer inside instruction. Based on this, educational technology is a systematic way of designing, carrying out there and evaluating the total technique of teaching and learning inside terms of particular objectives based about research.

Educational technologies during the Caveman days, the Bronze Age, and the Metal Grow older
Educational technological innovation, inspite of the uncertainty of the origin regarding the term, can be traced back in order to the time of the particular three-age system periodization of human prehistory; namely the Natural stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the particular Iron Age.

Duringthe Caveman days, ignition involving fire by massaging stones, manufacture associated with various handmade weapon and utensils through stones and garments practice were a few of the simple technological advancements of utmost importance. A fraction associated with Stone Age men and women developed ocean-worthy outrigger canoe ship technological innovation to migrate from place to one other through the Ocean, simply by which they made their first casual education of knowledge involving the ocean power, weather conditions, cruising practice, astronavigation, in addition to star maps. Throughout the later Rock Age period (Neolithic period), for agricultural practice, polished stone tools were built from your variety regarding hard rocks generally by digging undercover tunnels, which can be considered as the very first stages in mining technological innovation. The polished axes were so successful that even after appearance of dureté and iron; individuals used it intended for clearing forest as well as the establishment of plant farming.

Although Stone Age cultures left no more written records, yet archaeological evidences proven their shift coming from nomadic life to agricultural settlement. Ancient tools conserved in various museums, cave works of art like Altamira Cave in Spain, and other prehistoric artwork, such as the Venus of Willendorf, Mother Goddess by Laussel, France and so on. are a couple of the evidences in preference of their nationalities.

Neolithic Revolution regarding Caveman days resulted into the appearance involving Bronze Age with development of cultivation, animal domestication, as well as the adoption of long term settlements. For these types of practices Bronze Era people further designed metal smelting, along with copper and after bronze, an metal of tin in addition to copper, being typically the materials with their alternative.

The Iron Age group people replaced fermeté and developed the knowledge of straightener smelting technology to lessen the cost associated with living since iron bars utensils were tougher and cheaper compared to bronze equivalents. In many Eurasian civilizations, the Iron Age group was the last period before the particular development of published scripts.

Educational technology during the time period of Ancient cultures
According to Robert Saettler, 2004, Informative technology can become traced returning to the particular time when tribal priests systematized systems of knowledge and even ancient cultures created pictographs or sign writing to document and transmit details. In most stage regarding human civilization, one can find a good instructional technique or set of processes designed to implement a new particular culture which in turn were also supported by number of investigations and evidences. Typically the more advanced the culture, the more complicated became the technologies of instruction developed to reflect specific ways of personal and social conduct meant to run a good educated society. Above centuries, each substantial shift in educative values, goals or perhaps objectives triggered diverse technologies of teaching.

The greatest advancements in technology plus engineering came together with the rise involving the ancient civilizations. These advances stimulated and educated other societies on the planet to be able to adopt new methods of living in addition to governance.

The Extrêmes Valley Civilization has been an early Bronze Age group civilization which seemed to be located in typically the northwestern region of the Indian Subcontinent. The particular civilization was mostly flourished around the Indus River container of the Indus and the Punjab region, extending upto the Ghaggar-Hakra River pit and the Ganges-Yamuna Doab, (most from the part is under today's Pakistan plus the western states involving modern-day India along with some part involving the civilization increasing upto southeastern Afghanistan, and the easternmost part of Balochistan, Iran).

There is a long expression controversy to get sure about the particular language that the particular Harappan people spoken. It is thought that their creating was at least appears to be or even a pictographic script. The particular script appears to be able to have had about 400 basic signs, together with lots of versions. People write their particular script with typically the direction generally through directly to left. Most of the composing was found on seals and sealings that were probably utilized in trade plus official & administrative work.

Harappan folks had the knowledge of the measuring equipment of length, size, and time. These were the first within the world to produce a system regarding uniform weights in addition to measures.

In a new study carried out by L. N. Rao et al. last year, published in Science, computer scientists found that the Indus script's pattern is closer to that of talked words, which recognized the proposed hypothesis it codes regarding an as-yet-unknown terminology.

According to typically the Chinese Civilization, several of the key techno-offerings from China include paper, early on seismological detectors, lavatory paper, matches, flat iron plough, the multi-tube seed drill, the particular suspension bridge, the particular wheelbarrow, the parachute, natural gas as fuel, the magnetic compass, the raised-relief chart, the blast heater, the propeller, the particular crossbow, the Southern Pointing Chariot, and gun powder. With the invent regarding paper they have provided their very first step to developments of educational technology by further culturing different handmade products of paper as ways of visual aids.

Ancient Egypt language just visited one point one of many longest surviving and utilized languages on earth. Their own script was performed way up of pictures with the real things such as birds, animals, diverse tools, etc. These types of pictures are popularly called hieroglyph. Their particular language was produced up of over 500 hieroglyphs that happen to be known as hieroglyphics. Within the stone typical monuments or tombs which often were discovered plus rescued latter in provides the proof of existence of a lot of types of artistic hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt.

Educational technology during Medieval and Modern day Period
Paper plus the pulp papermaking process that has been developed in China throughout the early 2nd century AD, seemed to be carried to typically the Middle East plus was spread in order to Mediterranean by typically the Muslim conquests. Evidences support that the papers mill was also founded in Sicily inside of the 12th centuries. The discovery of spinning wheel improved the productivity of thread making method to a great extent and any time Lynn White additional the spinning tire with increasing offer of rags, this particular led to the production of affordable paper, which was initially a chief factor within the development of printing technology.

Typically the invention from the publishing press was consumed place in roughly 1450 AD, by simply Johannes Gutenburg, a German inventor. The invention of printing press was a primary developmental factor within the history regarding educational technology to share the instruction as per the need of the particular complex and advanced-technology cultured society.

Inside of the pre-industrial stages, while industry was basically simply the handwork at artisan levels, the instructional processes were relied heavily upon simple points like the standing, the horn book, the blackboard, and chalk. It had been restricted to an individual text book along with a few designs. Educational technology had been considered synonymous in order to simple aids like charts and photographs.

The year 1873 may well be considered a landmark in the earlier history of technologies of education or audio-visual education. A great exhibition was held in Vienna from international level throughout which an American institution won the love of the educators for the event of maps, graphs, textbooks and additional equipments.

Maria Montessori (1870-1952), internationally famous child educator and the originator involving Montessori Method applied a dynamic impact on educational technology by way of her development regarding graded materials created to provide for typically the proper sequencing of subject matter with regard to each individual novice. Modern educational technologies suggests many extendable of Montessori's idea of prepared youngster centered environment.

In1833, Charles Babbage's style of a general purpose computing device put the inspiration of typically the modern computer in addition to in 1943, the initial computing machine according to hi design was constructed by International Business Machines Corporation in USA. The Computer Assisted instruction (CAI) in which the computer functions essentially as a guitar tutor as well as the Talking Variety writer was produced by O. T. Moore in 1966. Since 1974, computer systems are interestingly utilized in education inside schools, universities and colleges.

Inside of the beginning involving the 19th centuries, there were significant changes in the field of education. British Broadcasting Firm (BBC), from their start of faculty shows in 1920 had maintained rapid rate in making sound contribution to elegant education. In typically the USA, by 1952, 20 states acquired the provision intended for educational broadcasting. Seite an seite to this time about 98% with the schools in Uk were equipped with radios and there had been regular daily programs.

Sidney L. Pressey, a psychologist associated with Ohio state university developed a self-teaching machine called 'Drum Tutor' in 1920. Professor Skinner, nevertheless, in his famous post 'Science of Learning and art regarding Teaching' published in 1945 pleaded for the application involving the knowledge derived by behavioral psychology in order to classroom procedures plus suggested automated teaching devices as indicates of doing thus.

Although the first practical use of Regular television broadcasts was inside Germany in 1929 and in 1936 the Olympic Game titles in Berlin have been broadcasted through television set stations in Duessseldorf, Open circuit tv set began to be used primarily for broadcasting shows for entertainment inside of 1950. Since 1960, television is employed for educational functions.

In 1950, Brynmor, in England, utilized educational technological steps for the first time. It is usually to be cared that in 60, as a result of industrial trend in America and Russia, other nations also started advancing in the submitted of educational technology. In this way, the beginning of educational technologies took place in 1960 from America and Russia plus now they have reached England, Europe in addition to India.

Might be around 1950s, new technocracy was turning it attraction to educations when there was a steep deficit of teachers in America and thus an urgent need of educational technological innovation was felt. Dr . Alvin C. Eurich and a small later his associate, Doctor Alexander T. Stoddard introduced size production technology in America.

Team teaching had its source in America in the mid of 1950's and was first started in the season 1955 at Harvard University as a part of internship plan.

Back in 1956, Benjamin Bloom through USA introduced typically the taxonomy of informative objectives through his publication, "The Taxonomy of Educational Aims, The Classification associated with Educational Goals, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain".

In 1961, Mini teaching technique was initially adopted by Dwight W. Allen and his co-workers at Stanford University in US.

Electronics is the particular main technology getting developed initially involving 21st century. Internet broadband access became well-known and occupied nearly all the key office buildings and educational places and even in common places in developed countries together with the advantage involving connecting home computer systems with music your local library and mobile cell phones.

Today's classroom is definitely more likely to be able to be a technological innovation lab, a space with rows of students using internet connected or Wi fi enabled laptops, palmtops, notepad, or perhaps learners are attending the video conferencing or even virtual classroom or perhaps may have been listening to a new podcast or taking in a video lecture. Rapid technological adjustments in the field of educational have created new ways in order to teach and also to learn. Technological changes in addition motivated the professors to access a number of information on some sort of global scale by means of the Internet, to be able to enhance their lessons as well seeing that to get them to proficient professional inside their location of concern. In the same period, students can employ vast resources associated with the Internet in order to enrich their studying experience to handle plan changing pattern with the society. At this point a days learners as well educators are attending workshops, conferences, workshops from national and essential level by using the multimedia techno-resources like PowerPoint and even they pursue many different important courses associated with their choice inside of distance mode via online learning ways. Online learning service has opened infinite variety of doors involving opportunities for today's learner to help to make their life more happy than ever before
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