Notes

1.
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.
Correct: Imperialism
2.
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
Correct: Nationalism
3.
(1894-1895) Japan's imperialistic war against China to gain control of natural resources and markets for their goods. It ended with the Treaty of Portsmouth which granted Japan Chinese port city trading rights, control of Manchuria, the annexation of the island of Sakhalin, and Korea became its protectorate.
Correct: Sino-Japanese War
4.
The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.
Correct: Social Darwinism
5.
Scottish missionary and explorer who discovered the Zambezi River and Victoria Falls (1813-1873) and worked to end the illegal slave trade
Correct: David Livingstone
6.
A company founded by the Dutch in the early 17th century to establish and direct trade throughout Asia. Richer and more powerful than England's company, they drove out the English and Established dominance over the region. It ended up going bankrupt and being bought out by the British
Correct: Dutch East India Company
7.
A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa
Correct: Berlin Conference
8.
King of Belgium (r. 1865-1909). He was active in encouraging the exploration of Central Africa and became the infamous ruler of the Congo Free State (to 1908).
Correct: King Leopold II
9.
Conservative dowager empress who dominated the last decades of the Qing dynasty.
Correct: Cixi
10.
Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts.
Correct: Scramble for Africa
11.
an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers
Correct: Monroe Doctrine
12.
Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force
Correct: Roosevelt Corollary
13.
a colony to which convicts are sent as an alternative to prison
Correct: penal colony
14.
Lasting from 1899 to 1902, Dutch colonists and the British competed for control of territory in South Africa.
Correct: Boer War
15.
(1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English that proved the English to be the more dominant force of what was to be the United States both commercially and in terms of controlled regions.
Correct: Seven Years War
16.
(1850-1864) A revolt by the people of China against the ruling Manchu Dynasty because of their failure to deal effectively with the opium problem and the interference of foreigners.
Correct: Taiping Rebellion
17.
1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.
Correct: Boxer Rebellion
18.
In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence
Correct: Spanish-American War
19.
unpaid forced labor usually by lower classes, forced upon them by the government
Correct: corvee labor
20.
An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
Correct: Sphere of Influence
21.
South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers of the seventeenth century. Their Great Trek founded new settler colonies in the nineteenth century. Though a minority among South Africans, they held political power after 1910.
Correct: Afrikaners
22.
New Zealand indigenous culture established around 800 CE
Correct: Maori
23.
The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
Correct: Trail of Tears
24.
An agent that proved effective in controlling attacks of malaria, which had previously decimated Europeans in the tropics.
Correct: Quinine
25.
A human-made waterway, which was opened in 1869, connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea
Correct: Suez Canal
26.
Settler colonialism is a form of colonialism which seeks to replace the original population of the colonized territory with a new society of settlers. As with all forms of colonialism, it is based on exogenous domination, typically organized or supported by an imperial authority.
Correct: settler colony
27.
Native American tribe that was forced to leave their land because of the Indian Removal Act
Correct: Cherokee Nation
28.
A ritual the Sioux performed to bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their land.
Correct: Ghost Dance
29.
Indian troops who served in the British army
Correct: Sepoys
30.
Massive uprising of much of India against British rule; also called the Indian Mutiny or the Sepoy Mutiny from the fact that the rebellion first broke out among Indian troops in British employ.
Correct: Indian Rebellion, 1857-1858
31.
British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria
Correct: Raj
32.
A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government.
Correct: Indian National Congress (INC)
33.
1899-1902: Rebels in Philippines fought US troops for 3 years trying to achieve independence. US gives them independence after WWII in 1946.
Correct: Philippine Revolution
34.
In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence
Correct: Spanish-American War
35.
(1898) treaty that ended the Spanish American war. Provided that Cuba be free from Spain.
Correct: Treaty of Paris
36.
armed conflict between the Philippines and the United States from 1899-1902. It was a continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence. The Philippines declared war on the US and it became a savage conflict with guerilla warfare. Villages were destroyed, civilians were murdered, and prisoners were tortured. The war ended when Aguinaldo surrendered in 1902.
Correct: Philippine-American War
37.
the unity of all black Africans, regardless of national boundaries
Correct: Pan-Africanism
38.
large Muslim state founded in 1809 in what is now northern Nigeria.
Correct: Sokoto Caliphate
39.
Pivotal movement that broke the back of the Xhosa and ushered in a new era of colonial expansion and domination of South Africa by the British. The prophecy was that killing all cattle would bring back ancient chiefs and ancestors.
Correct: Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement
40.
A monarchy in Southern Africa that extended along the coast of the Indian Ocean from the Tugela River in the south to Pongola River in the north.
Correct: Zulu Kingdom
41.
War between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. From complex beginnings, the war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of colonialism in the region. The war ended the Zulu nation's independence.(1879)
Correct: Anglo-Zulu War
42.
Member of Inca aristocracy who led a rebellion against Spanish authorities in Peru in 1780-1781. He was captured and executed with his wife and other members of his family.
Correct: Tupac Amaru II
43.
Filipino revolutionary leader who fought for sovereignty from the Spanish
Correct: Jose Rizal
44.
Led a group of warriors to establish a powerful kingdom in Guinea. He opposed French attempts to annex West Africa.
Correct: Samory Toure
45.
a Bantu ethnic group from Southern Africa mainly found in the Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa
Correct: Xhosa
46.
Bat and seabird droppings used as fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth century
Correct: Guano
47.
a tough elastic polymeric substance made from the latex of a tropical plant or synthetically. They are native to the Amazon Rainforest and Central Africa. Used to produce tires, hoses, shoe sole, ect.
Correct: Rubber
48.
used in machinery in Europe's factories as lubrication and for candle making. Originated in West Africa.
Correct: Palm Oil
49.
Highly valued precious stones found in South Africa among other places.
Correct: Diamonds
50.
British entrepreneur and politician involved in the expansion of the British Empire from South Africa into Central Africa. Joined the diamond rush in Kimberly and formed the De Beers Mining Company. His racist policies in the Cape Colony paved the way for apartheid.
Correct: Cecil Rhodes
51.
Owned by British Cecil Rhodes, this company controlled up to 90% of the world's diamond production.
Correct: De Beers Mining Company
52.
The demand for raw materials that could be processed and turned into manufactured goods turned colonies into these. Their economy is made up of mostly international trade.
Correct: Export Economies
53.
lack of agricultural diversity
Correct: Monocultures
54.
Laws in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.
Correct: Apartheid
55.
Present day Indonesia
Correct: Spice Islands
56.
Southern coast of West Africa. It was the largest cocoa producer in the world.
Correct: Gold Coast
57.
Treaty that concluded the Opium War. It awarded Britain a large indemnity from the Qing Empire, denied the Qing government tariff control over some of its own borders, opened additional ports of residence to Britons, and ceded Hong Kong to Britain.
Correct: Treaty of Nanking
58.
1839-1842. Chinese attempted to prohibit the opium trade, British declared war and won against Chinese.
Correct: Opium War
59.
A grasslands region in present day Argentina and Uruguay
Correct: Pampas
60.
A situation in which foreign business interests have great economic power or influence
Correct: economic imperialism
61.
Small Central American countries under the economic power of foreign-based corporations. Politically unstable states with an economy dependent upon the exportation of a limited-resource product.
Correct: Banana Republics
62.
(1850-1864) A revolt by the people of China against the ruling Manchu Dynasty because of their failure to deal effectively with the opium problem and the interference of foreigners
Correct: Taiping Rebellion
63.
People who worked for a set number of years before becoming free. Used as a way to pay for their transportation to a place with more opportunity or a way to pay off debt.
Correct: Indentured Servants
64.
Laborers who were forced or tricked into servitude. They were unskilled workers who were exploited as substitutes for slave labor.
Correct: Contract Laborers
65.
Mass emigrations from a country or region that may take place over a period of many years.
Correct: Diaspora
66.
to leave one's home country or area to live in another
Correct: Emigrate
67.
The result of four years of potato crop failure in the late 1840s in Ireland, a country that had grown dependent on potatoes as a dietary staple. As many as 3 million people emigrated from Ireland.
Correct: Great Famine
68.
A philosopher from India, this man was a spiritual and moral leader favoring India's independence from Great Britain. He practiced passive resistance, civil disobedience and boycotts to generate social and political change.
Correct: Mohandas Gandhi
69.
Mexican President who promoted immigration as well as development, especially in the northern are bordering the United States
Correct: Porfirio Diaz
70.
1855 Limited the number of Chinese who could come ashore from the ship in Australia.
Correct: Chinese Immigration Act
71.
1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States
Correct: Chinese Exclusion Act
72.
An attempt to restrict the number of Chinese immigrants from entering the colony of New South Wales
Correct: Chinese Immigration Regulation and Restriction Act
73.
A policy that intentionally restricted non-white immigration to Australia
Correct: White Australia Policy
74.
A period from 1848 to 1856 when thousands of people came to California in order to search for gold. Chinese immigrants first came to America during the height of this.
Correct: Gold Rush
75.
a description characterizing lower-level professional and management workers and some highly skilled laborers in technical jobs
Correct: White Collar
76.
member of the working class who performs manual labor and earns an hourly wage
Correct: Blue-Collar
77.
Clusters or neighborhoods of people from the same foreign country
Correct: Ethnic Enclaves
78.
Founded by Gandhi to expose to the world the rampant discrimination against Indians in South Africa.
Correct: Natal Indian Congress
79.
Replaced indentured servitude. Entire families were recruited to work. Their lives were less restricted than indentured servants.
Correct: Kangani System