Notes

Republic Act No. 386
ARTICLE 1. it shall be known as “civil code of the Philippines”

ARTICLE 2. laws will take 15 days after publication to be implemented

ARTICLE 3. ignorance of the law is not an excuse

ARTICLE 4. laws will not have any effect on the past unless stated so

ARTICLE 5. acts against provision of the law are void unless stated so by the law

ARTICLE 6. rights may be waived unless it is against the law, a public order, a public policy, morals. Good customs, or against a third person with a right authorized by the law

ARTICLE 7. laws are only annulled by later or newer laws, and their violation shall not be excused by disuse, custom, or practice against it. When a law is proven by the court, the earlier version will be void. Administrative or executive acts, orders and regulations shall be valid only when they are not against the laws or the Constitution.

ARTICLE 8. judicial decisions applying or interpreting the laws or the Constitution shall form part of the legal system of the Philippines.

ARTICLE 9. No judge or court shall decline to render judgment by reason of the silence, obscurity or insufficiency of the laws.

ARTICLE 10. In case of doubt in the interpretation or application of laws, it is presumed that the lawmaking body intended right and justice to prevail.

ARTICLE 11. Customs which are contrary to law, public order or public policy shall not be admit as acceptable or possible.

ARTICLE 12. A custom must be proved as a fact, according to the rules of evidence.

ARTICLE 13. When the laws speak of years, months, days or nights, it shall be understood that years are of three hundred sixty-five days each; months, of thirty days; days, of twenty-four hours; and nights from sunset to sunrise. If months are designated by their name, they shall be computed by the number of days which they respectively have.In computing a period, the first day shall be excluded, and the last day included.

ARTICLE 14. Penal laws and those of public security and safety shall be obligatory upon all who live in Philippine territory, subject to the principles of public international law and to treaty stipulations.

ARTICLE 15. Laws relating to family rights and duties, or to the status, condition and legal capacity of persons are binding upon citizens of the Philippines, even though living abroad.

ARTICLE 16. Real property as well as personal property is subject to the law of the country where it is situated. (However, intestate and testamentary successions, both with respect to the order of succession and to the amount of successional rights and to the intrinsic validity of testamentary provisions, shall be regulated by the national law of the person whose succession is under consideration, whatever may be the nature of the property and regardless of the country wherein said property may be found.) (pagmamana ng property)

ARTICLE 17. The forms and solemnities of contracts, wills, and other public instruments shall be governed by the laws of the country in which they are executed. When the acts referred to are executed before the diplomatic or consular officials of the Republic of the Philippines in a foreign country, the solemnities established by Philippine laws shall be observed in their execution. (coconsider parin ang laws ng pilipinas kapag ito ay nasasali sa kasulatan). Prohibitive laws concerning persons, their acts or property, and those which have for their object public order, public policy and good customs shall not be rendered ineffective by laws or judgments promulgated, or by determinations or conventions agreed upon in a foreign country. (di mapapatungan ng laws na “alam naman nilang lahat” o “widely known” na naglilimit sa isang tao at sa kanilang pagmamayari na galling sa ibang bansa)

ARTICLE 18. In matters which are governed by the Code of Commerce and special laws, their deficiency shall be supplied by the provisions of this Code. (sa mga bagay na napapailalim sa code of commerce at ibang specific na laws, ang pagkukulang nila ay masusuportahan ng mga provison or mga information from this code(civil code of the Philippines))