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International business: selama melibatkan multinasional dan di luar dari domestik negara, maka dianggap bisnis internasional > buying materials, shipping finished products, building a plant, borrowing money
Investment
Foreign Direct Investments (FDI): company membeli aset (property) secara cross country dan harus melakukan proses kontrol, cth. Air Asia (Malaysia) membeli Alwair (Indonesia). Investor ingin melakukan kontrol dan memiliki ownership
> FDI growing faster than world trade and world output
> FDI flow mostly from developed countries
Mengapa individual/groups company atau government melakukan FDI:
- Untuk mendapatkan jalur cepat ke market/bisnis yang baru
- Untuk mendapatkan terkait budaya negara tujuan
- Mengeliminasi kompetitor, quick problem solving
- Government support: diberikan subsidi atau kemudahan
- Intellectual protection
- Foreign company lebih memiliki capability dibanding franchise di negara lain
Foreign Portfolio Investments (FPI): pembelian financial aset berupa saham, stocks, sertifikat, tanpa kontrol. Low-risk, no managerial involvement (tidak perlu intervensi)
- Tidak ada local company yang ingin dibeli
- Tidak ingin menimbulkan masalah (manage, control, dll)
- Memberikan profit
SUMMARY
International trade dan investment = IMPORTANT THING in international business
From IR scholar's perspective, we should see the impact on society and international politic
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