Notes

seawater has 3.5% dissolved minreals
if all oceans evaporated layer of salt 200 feet thick would cover who ocean floor.
salinity= the proportion of dissolved salts/minerals in water expressed in parts per thousand o/oo
o/oo means parts per thousand
salinity= grams of dissolved minerals/1000 g water
average salinity is 35 o/oo
usually varies from 33-38 o/oo
most of the salt is NaCl (table salt)
seawater often called to be "brackish"
hypersaline AKA brine is very very salty, brine ocean water commonly found in tidepools
salinity is higher in areas of high evaporation in dry regions such as persian gulf and red sea
salinity is lower in areas of low evaporation, where it rains a lot and there is a source of freshwater (most commonly coming from mouth of a river) river deltas cause lower salinity.
salt comes from chemical weathering of rocks
2.5 billion ton per year are taken from rocks
salt also comes from Earth's interior such as underwater volcanoes which erupt and their gases release salts
so basically salt in the ocean comes from two places: chemical weathering of rocks, and underwater volcanic gas
the amount of salt is table because it is used by plants to build cell walls and animals to build shells. they're also used in life functions
commercial products from saltwater include table salt, brine, and magnesium along with a vert expensive process of freshwater

gulf- areaof sea or ocean partially covered by land, example: gulf of mexico
penninsula: narrow stretch of land that surrounded on three sides by water: example: florida
bay- area of sea partially enclosed by land, smaller than a gulf, san francisco bay. Often contains brackish water and may serve as estuary (breeding ground for fish)
lagoon- body of comparatively shallow salt water seperated from sea by coral reef. calm waters, nice beaches, also within a sandbar
isthmus- narrow strip of land, like a bridge connecting two larger strips of land. Ex; panama
delta- a place at the river's mouth, where the river splits into many different sections, forming a marshy triangle.
river mouth- place where river empties into larger body of water. ex: missisipi river
strait- narrow channel of water joining two larger bodies of water. Ex: Bosporus strait in Turkey.
cape- point of land projecting into water, cape cod, Massachuesstes
sand bar- long bar of sand that is caused by deposition of sand due to currents. may be exposed during low tides.
estuary- semi-enclosed coastal body of water like a lagoon or bay, with one or more river streams flowing into it, with a free connection to the open sea. Often associated with high rates of biological productivity due to brackish water. it is a huge breeding ground.