Notes

History of Educational Technology
There is not any written evidence which can tell us precisely who has coined the phrase academic technology. Different educationists, scientists and philosophers at different period intervals have put forwarded different explanations of Educational Technologies. Educational technology is definitely a multifaceted in addition to integrated process regarding people, procedure, ideas, devices, and corporation, where technology from different fields regarding science is obtained as per the need and necessity of education intended for implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to individuals dilemmas involved throughout all areas of human being learning.

Educational technological innovation, broadly speaking, has passed through five phases.

The first stage of educational technology is coupled together with the use of aids like chart, maps, symbols, types, specimens and tangible materials. The phrase educational technology was used as synonyms to audio-visual assists.

The second level of educational technological innovation is associated together with the 'electronic revolution' with the advantages and establishment of sophisticated hardware and software. Use associated with various audio-visual supports like projector, special lanterns, tape-recorder, radio and television brought new change in the educational situation. Accordingly, educational technology concept was taken in terms of these kinds of sophisticated instruments and equipments for successful presentation of instructional materials.

The 3 rd stage of informative technology is connected with the enhancement of advertising which often in turn brought to 'communication revolution' for instructional uses. Computer-assisted Instruction (CAI) used for education and learning since 1950s furthermore became popular throughout this era.

The fourth stage regarding educational technology is definitely discernible by typically the individualized process involving instruction. Introduced regarding programmed learning and even programmed instruction presented a new aspect to educational technological innovation. A system involving self-learning based on self-instructional materials in addition to teaching machines emerged.

The latest idea of educational technology is usually influenced by typically the notion of system anatomist or system method which focuses about language laboratories, teaching machines, programmed teaching, multimedia technologies plus the use of the computer inside instruction. Based on that, educational technology is a systematic method of designing, carrying out and about and evaluating the particular total technique of coaching and learning in terms of specific objectives based about research.

DRaaS service providers during the Caveman days, the Bronze Era, and the Iron Age group
Educational technologies, despite the uncertainty of the origin regarding the term, could be traced back to the time of the particular three-age system periodization of human history; namely the Rock Age, the Dureté Age, and typically the Iron Age.

Duringthe Caveman days, ignition of fire by massaging stones, manufacture associated with various handmade weapon and utensils through stones and clothes practice were a number of the simple technological improvements of utmost importance. A fraction associated with Stone Age individuals developed ocean-worthy outrigger canoe ship technological innovation to migrate from one place to one other through the Ocean, by simply which they formulated their first simple education expertise of the ocean currents, weather conditions, cruising practice, astronavigation, plus star maps. Throughout the later Natural stone Age period (Neolithic period), for agricultural practice, polished rock tools were manufactured from your variety regarding hard rocks mostly by digging subway tunnels, which is often deemed as the very first stages in mining technological innovation. The polished responsable were so effective that even right after appearance of bronze and iron; individuals used it intended for clearing forest and the establishment of crop farming.

Although Caveman days cultures left no written records, but archaeological evidences turned out their shift by nomadic life to be able to agricultural settlement. Ancient tools conserved in different museums, cave art like Altamira Give in Spain, and even other prehistoric artwork, such as the particular Venus of Willendorf, Mother Goddess through Laussel, France and so forth. are a few of the evidences in favour of their cultures.

Neolithic Revolution involving Stone Age resulted straight into the appearance of Bronze Age together with development of cultivation, animal domestication, as well as the adoption of long term settlements. For these kinds of practices Bronze Age people further developed metal smelting, along with copper and afterwards bronze, an combination of tin and even copper, being typically the materials of these selection.

The Iron Grow older people replaced fermeté and developed typically the knowledge of flat iron smelting technology to reduce the cost associated with living since metal utensils were more powerful and cheaper than bronze equivalents. In many Eurasian nationalities, the Iron Age was the final period before typically the development of published scripts.

Educational technological innovation during the time period of Ancient civilizations
According to Paul Saettler, 2004, Educative technology can always be traced to the time when tribe priests systematized systems of knowledge and ancient cultures developed pictographs or signal writing to record and transmit info. In every stage associated with human civilization, single can find an instructional technique or perhaps set of processes intended to implement some sort of particular culture which often were also supported by number of research and evidences. The more advanced the particular culture, the greater intricate became the technological innovation of instruction developed to reflect certain ways of specific and social behavior intended to run the educated society. Over centuries, each considerable shift in educational values, goals or perhaps objectives resulted in different technologies of instruction.

The greatest advancements in technology and even engineering came along with the rise associated with the ancient cultures. These advances stimulated and educated various other societies in the world to adopt new techniques of living and governance.

The Indus Valley Civilization was basically a beginning Bronze Age civilization which has been located in the particular northwestern region in the Indian Subcontinent. The particular civilization was mostly flourished around the particular Indus River pot from the Indus and the Punjab place, extending upto the particular Ghaggar-Hakra River pit and the Ganges-Yamuna Doab, (most from the part is underneath today's Pakistan and the western states involving modern-day India along with some part of the civilization increasing upto southeastern Afghanistan, and the easternmost part of Balochistan, Iran).

There is usually a long name controversy to turn out to be sure about the particular language that the particular Harappan people spoke. It is assumed that their writing was at least looks to be or even a pictographic script. The particular script appears to have had about 400 basic signs, together with lots of variations. People write their very own script with the direction generally coming from right to left. The majority of of the publishing was found upon seals and sealings which are probably used in trade and even official & administrative work.

Harappan people had the ability associated with the measuring equipment of length, bulk, and time. These were the first within the world to develop a system regarding uniform weights and even measures.

In a study completed by P. N. Rao ou al. last year, posted in Science, pc scientists found that the Indus script's pattern is closer to that of talked words, which backed the proposed hypothesis that this codes regarding an as-yet-unknown terminology.

According to the Chinese Civilization, some of the key techno-offerings from The far east include paper, early on seismological detectors, bathroom paper, matches, iron plough, the multi-tube seed drill, the particular suspension bridge, the particular wheelbarrow, the parachute, natural gas as fuel, the magnetic compass, the raised-relief guide, the blast furnace, the propeller, the crossbow, the Southern region Pointing Chariot, plus gun powder. Using the invent associated with paper they have given their very first step towards developments of informative technology by more culturing different hand crafted products of report as means of visual aids.

Ancient Silk language was at a single point among the longest surviving and applied languages on the planet. Their own script was performed up of pictures with the real things just like birds, animals, diverse tools, etc. These pictures are commonly called hieroglyph. Their particular language was produced up of above 500 hieroglyphs that happen to be known as hieroglyphics. Within the stone monuments or tombs which often were discovered and even rescued latter in provides the evidence of existence of many forms of artistic hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt.

Educational technology during Medieval and Contemporary Period of time
Paper and the pulp papermaking process that was designed in China during the early second century AD, was carried to the particular Middle East plus was spread to Mediterranean by the Muslim conquests. Evidences support a report mill was also established in Sicily inside the 12th centuries. The discovery associated with spinning wheel enhanced the productivity involving thread making process largely and if Lynn White added the spinning wheel with increasing source of rags, this specific led to the particular production of affordable paper, which was basically a prime factor inside the development associated with printing technology.

The invention in the producing press was used place in roughly 1450 AD, by Johannes Gutenburg, the German inventor. The invention of printing press was a prime developmental factor throughout the history regarding educational technology to convey the instruction as per the need of the complex and advanced-technology cultured society.

Found in the pre-industrial levels, while industry was simply the handwork at artisan amount, the instructional processes were relied heavily upon simple points like the slate, the horn reserve, the blackboard, plus chalk. It was limited to an one text book using a few drawings. Educational technology has been considered synonymous in order to simple aids just like charts and photos.

The year 1873 may possibly be considered some sort of landmark within the early on history of technology of education or even audio-visual education. A good exhibition was kept in Vienna with international level in which an American university won the affection of the educators for the exhibition of maps, chart, textbooks and various other equipments.

Maria Montessori (1870-1952), internationally famous child educator in addition to the originator of Montessori Method applied a dynamic influence on educational technology by way of her development involving graded materials designed to give typically the proper sequencing associated with subject matter for each individual spanish student. Modern educational technology suggests many expansion of Montessori's thought of prepared little one centered environment.

In1833, Charles Babbage's style of a general objective computing device laid the building blocks of the particular modern computer and in 1943, the initial computing machine according to hi design was basically constructed by Worldwide Business Machines Company in USA. The Computer Assisted instruction (CAI) in which the particular computer functions fundamentally as a tutor as well as the Talking Kind writer was developed by O. T. Moore in 1966. Since 1974, computer systems are interestingly utilized in education within schools, colleges and universities.

In the beginning regarding the 19th centuries, there were remarkable changes in the particular field of training. British Broadcasting Company (BBC), from it is start of school contacts in 1920 acquired maintained rapid pace in making noise contribution to official education. In typically the USA, by 1952, 20 states experienced the provision with regard to educational broadcasting. Seite an seite to this period about 98% in the schools in United Kingdom were equipped with radios and there had been regular daily programs.

Sidney L. Pressey, a psychologist involving Ohio state college or university developed a self-teaching machine called 'Drum Tutor' in 1920. Professor Skinner, however, in his famous write-up 'Science of Learning and art regarding Teaching' published throughout 1945 pleaded with regard to the application of the information derived by behavioral psychology to classroom procedures in addition to suggested automated teaching devices as signifies of doing therefore.

Even though first practical using Regular tv broadcasts was throughout Germany in 1929 and in 1936 the Olympic Game titles in Berlin were broadcasted through television stations in Munich, Open circuit tv set were now being used mainly for broadcasting programmes for entertainment inside 1950. Since 1960, television is used for educational uses.


In 1950, Brynmor, in England, applied educational technological ways for the 1st time. It will be to be cared for that in 1960, as a result of industrial revolution in America in addition to Russia, other nations also started progressing in the registered of educational technologies. In this manner, the commencing of educational technology took place in 1960 from The united states and Russia in addition to now it includes reached England, Europe in addition to India.

During the time of about 1950s, new technocracy was turning that attraction to educations when there was clearly some sort of steep deficit of instructors in America and thus an urgent will need of educational technological innovation was felt. Dr . Alvin C. Eurich and a little later his link, Dr . Alexander M. Stoddard introduced mass production technology inside America.

Team training had its source in America within the mid of fifties and was initial made its debut in the season 1955 at Harvard University as part of internship plan.

Back in 1956, Benjamin Bloom coming from USA introduced the taxonomy of educative objectives through their publication, "The Taxonomy of Educational Aims, The Classification involving Educational Goals, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain".

In 1961, Small teaching technique was first adopted by Dwight W. Allen great co-workers at Stanford University in UNITED STATES.

Electronics is typically the main technology getting developed at first of 21st century. Internet broadband access became well-known and occupied almost all quite office buildings and educational spots and even inside common places inside developed countries with the advantage of connecting home pcs with music libraries and mobile mobile phones.

Today's classroom will be more likely to be a technologies lab, a room with rows of students using internet connected or Wi fi enabled laptops, palmtops, notepad, or maybe learners are attending a new video conferencing or virtual classroom or even may have already been listening to a new podcast or consuming a video chalk talk. Rapid technological modifications in the discipline of educational have formulated new ways to teach and also to learn. Technological changes also motivated the teachers to access many different information on a new global scale by way of the Internet, to be able to enhance their training as well as to cause them to become skilled professional inside their area of concern. From the same moment, students can employ vast resources associated with the Internet to enrich their understanding experience to manage up with changing tendency with the society. At this point a days pupils as well teachers are attending workshops, conferences, workshops from national and international level by making use of the multimedia techno-resources like PowerPoint as well as they pursue a variety of important courses associated with their choice found in distance mode via online learning ways. Online learning center has opened infinite amount of doors associated with opportunities for today's learner to make their life more happy than ever just before

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