Notes

What made Roundup Ready and Roundup become what they have become in the present?
What is Roundup Ready? Roundup Ready refers to a trademarked line of genetically modified crop seeds that are resistant to Roundup. ラウンドアップ 撒き方 are called Roundup Ready crops.

So, who invented https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E6%97%A5%E7%94%A3%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6-%E9%99%A4%E8%8D%89%E5%89%A4-%E5%8E%9F%E6%B6%B2%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%97-%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89-500%EF%BD%8D%EF%BD%8C/dp/B001GH6XVQ ?
John Franz (Monsanto Chemist) first identified Glyphosate as a herbicide within Roundup. In 1970, the vast majority of herbicides used in the agricultural field were pre-emergent. This means that they were applied prior to the crop and weeds were established. The post-emergent activity of glyphosate to control the spread of grass and broadleaf weeds was quite different. This, when combined with its remarkable environmental (soil inactivation, rapid degradation, no carryover, etc) and toxicological properties (extremely low toxicity to mammals and beneficial organisms) was a breakthrough product.

When was Roundup first launched?
Roundup(r), originally introduced in 1974 as an insecticide that was broad-spectrum it quickly became a major worldwide agricultural chemical. Roundup(r), originally, was used in ditches on railway tracks as well as in fields between growing seasons. This allowed farmers control the grass and broadleaf wild plants from the soil. It also decreased the need to till and maintained the soil's structure.

The Roundup Ready GMOs case was the next.
ラウンドアップ , inspired by the amazing breakthroughs in Recombinant technology in the 1970s, realized the numerous benefits to farmers if Roundup could be directly applied to their crops in order to reduce the weeds. Ernie Jaworski led a small team that included Steve Rogers, Rob Horsch and me to tackle the issue. The early 1980s saw the team had created the first methods to insert genes in plants. Our attention shifted to the creation of virus-resistant cropsthat are resistant to insects and also Roundup.

It was recognized that glyphosate likely inhibited the biochemical pathway of plants that produced aromatic amino acids (animals and human beings do not have this pathway, which explains Roundup's high level of mammal-specific safety) and that glyphosate was broken down quickly in soil by microorganisms. ラウンドアップ 畑 from our lab had discovered the genes of plants and microbial organisms to confer increased herbicide tolerance. Roundup Ready plants was cleared for field trials by the USDA in 1987. This was a Roundup resistant crop of genetically modified tomato plants that were tolerant to Roundup. In ラウンドアップ 雨上がり following decades, the Roundup Ready gene which would later become the main trait of the Roundup Ready crop was discovered. The gene was isolated and introduced into the plants.

Let's take a look at soybeans for an example by answering the questions, What are Roundup Ready soybeans and what is the process by which Roundup Ready soybeans are made? Roundup Ready soybeans are genetically engineered soybeans which have had their DNA changed to be able to withstand Roundup's herbicide glyphosate. They are resistant to glyphosate since each soybean seed has had the gene for Roundup Ready injected into it before it is planted. This allows farmers to spray their fields with Roundup Ready herbicides in order to destroy weeds but not the crops.

Roundup Ready crop introductions in 1996 had a significant impact on the field of agricultural science. Roundup resistance was immediately recognized by farmers and widespread adoption occurred. Today, over 90% of U.S. cotton and soybeans use Roundup Ready crops. Along with simplifying and improving weed management systems that increased yields for crops, Roundup Ready crops reduced tillage and reduced equipment costs and made harvesting easier due to "cleaner fields" with fewer weeds. One of the environmental benefits has been the increase in the use of conservation cultivation: farmers can reduce the use of energy, GHG emissions and soil structure while preserving soil structure. In 2013 it was equivalent to removing 28 billion kg of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, or equivalent to taking 12.4 million cars off the roads for a year (Source: PG Economics).
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