Notes

Genetically modified crops provide more advantages than the weeds

In ラウンドアップ , herbicide resistance may confer advantages on plants.

Weedy rice is able to absorb transgenes derived from genetically modified rice by cross-pollinating. Credit: Xiao Yang
The use of genetic modification to make crops resistant to herbicides is widely utilized to provide advantages to weedy rice varieties. This suggests that the modifications could be detrimental to the environment beyond farms.

A variety of crops have been genetically modified to resist glyphosate, an herbicide first sold under the trade name Roundup. This resistance to glyphosate allows farmers to eradicate the majority of plants without damaging their crops.

Glyphosate is a deterrent to the growth of plants. It inhibits an enzyme called EPSP synthase. This enzyme plays a role for the production of certain amino acids as well as other molecules. These compounds can be responsible for as much as 35% of a plant’s mass. Genetic modification is used in, for instance, Roundup Ready plants made by Monsanto Biotechnology, a biotech company based out of St Louis, Missouri. It involves inserting genes into the genome of a crop to boost EPSP synthase-synthase-production. Genes are typically derived from bacteria that cause disease in the plants.

The added EPSP synthase helps the plant be resistant to the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology laboratories are attempting to make use of genes from plants rather than bacteria to boost EPSP synthase. This is mainly due to the US law allows regulatory approval to allow organisms with transgenes to be accepted.

Few studies have investigated the possibility that transgenes, such as glyphosate-resistant ones are able to -- when introduced to weedy or wild plants via cross-pollination make these plants more competitive in terms of survival, reproduction and growth. Norman Ellstrand, a University of California plant geneticist states that in the absence of selection pressure, any kind of transgene would be expected to cause disadvantages in wild plants. https://mujin-heri.jp/yakuzai/js-55.html could reduce fitness.

Lu Baorong is an Ecologist at Fudan University Shanghai. https://auctions.yahoo.co.jp/search/search?rkf=2&p=%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97&aucmaxprice=999999999&thumb=1&s1=score2&o1=a&isdd=1&ei=utf-8&fixed=3&nockie=1&isnext=1&ex_cat=2084006160,2084008038,2084034075&rewrite_ok_wand_re_search=1 shows that resistance to glyphosate offers a significant health benefit even when it isn't applied.

Lu and his coworkers modified cultivars of rice to produce more EPSP synthase. They also crossed the modified rice with a weedy related. Their findings were published in NewPhytologist 1.

The team then allowed offspring to crossbreed with one-another, creating second-generation hybrids that were genetically identical to their parents except the number of duplicates of the gene that codes for EPSP synthase. As was expected, ラウンドアップ 蓋 with more copies of the gene had more enzyme activity and more amino acid tryptophan in comparison to the unmodified counterparts.

Researchers also found that transgenics have higher rates of flowering, more flowers and 48-125% more seeds/plant than nontransgenics.

Lu believes that making weedy, aggressive rice more competitive could hinder farmers to recoup the damage caused by this pest.

Brian Ford-Lloyd is a UK plant geneticist. He says, "If the EPSP synthase gene becomes present in wild rice varieties their genetic diversity could be at risk, which is significant because the genotype with transgene outcompetes the normal species." " ラウンドアップ 時間 is an illustration of the most probable and damaging negative effects of GM crops on the environment."

The popular belief that genetically modified crops that contain additional copies of their genes are safer is disproved by this research. "Our study proves that this isn't always the case," Lu says. Lu.

Some researchers believe this finding calls for a review of future regulation of genetically modified crops. Ellstrand believes that some think that biosafety rules can be relaxed because we've had over two years of genetic engineering. The study revealed that the newest products should be carefully evaluated.


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