Notes

Great Educational Technology
There is no written evidence which will tell us exactly who has gave the phrase educational technology. Different educationists, scientists and philosophers at different period intervals have place forwarded different descriptions of Educational Technological innovation. Educational technology will be a multifaceted and even integrated process including people, procedure, concepts, devices, and corporation, where technology coming from different fields associated with science is lent as per typically the need and need of education for implementing, evaluating, in addition to managing solutions to individuals dilemmas involved throughout all facets of individuals learning.

Educational technological innovation, broadly speaking, has passed through five phases.

The first level of educational technology is coupled together with the use regarding aids like chart, maps, symbols, versions, specimens and concrete materials. The term educational technology was used as alternatives to audio-visual helps.

The second period of educational technology is associated along with the 'electronic revolution' with the launch and establishment associated with sophisticated hardware plus software. Use of various audio-visual supports like projector, miraculous lanterns, tape-recorder, radio and television delivered a new change inside the educational circumstance. Accordingly, educational technologies concept was consumed in terms of these types of sophisticated instruments and equipments for powerful presentation of instructional materials.

The third stage of academic technology is associated with the enhancement of advertising which in turn in turn led to 'communication revolution' for instructional purposes. Computer-assisted Instruction (CAI) used for education since 1950s also became popular in the course of this era.

Typically the fourth stage of educational technology is definitely discernible by typically the individualized process involving instruction. Introduced of programmed learning and programmed instruction supplied a new dimensions to educational technological innovation. A system involving self-learning based on self-instructional materials plus teaching machines surfaced.

The latest notion of educational technology is definitely influenced by typically the notion of system executive or system strategy which focuses on language laboratories, training machines, programmed training, multimedia technologies and the use involving the computer throughout instruction. In accordance with it, educational technology will be a systematic way of designing, carrying away and evaluating the total technique of coaching and learning in terms of specific objectives based on research.

Educational technologies during the Caveman days, the Bronze Age, and the Straightener Age group
Educational technological innovation, inspite of the uncertainty regarding the origin regarding the term, can be traced back to be able to time of the three-age system periodization of human prehistory; namely the Natural stone Age, the Dureté Age, and the Iron Age.

Duringthe Stone Age, ignition of fire by chaffing stones, manufacture associated with various handmade tool and utensils through stones and apparel practice were a number of the simple technological advancements of utmost significance. A fraction involving Stone Age folks developed ocean-worthy outrigger canoe ship technological innovation to migrate from one place to one more across the Ocean, simply by which they made their first relaxed education expertise of the ocean currents, weather conditions, wind-surfing practice, astronavigation, and star maps. During the later Rock Age period (Neolithic period), for farming practice, polished rock tools were built coming from a variety associated with hard rocks mainly by digging undercover tunnels, that can be regarded as as the 1st stages in mining technologies. The polished responsable were so efficient that even right after appearance of dureté and iron; folks used it intended for clearing forest plus the establishment of crop farming.

Although Caveman days cultures left no written records, yet archaeological evidences turned out their shift through nomadic life to agricultural settlement. Old tools conserved in several museums, cave paintings like Altamira Give in Spain, plus other prehistoric skill, such as the Venus of Willendorf, Mother Goddess from Laussel, France and so on. are a few of the evidences in preference of their ethnicities.

Neolithic Revolution involving Caveman days resulted in to the appearance involving Bronze Age together with development of farming, animal domestication, along with the adoption of everlasting settlements. For these kinds of practices Bronze Age people further developed metal smelting, with copper and afterwards bronze, an blend of tin plus copper, being typically the materials of their option.

The Iron Time people replaced dureté and developed typically the knowledge of metal smelting technology to lessen the cost associated with living since iron bars utensils were better and cheaper as compared to bronze equivalents. On many Eurasian nationalities, the Iron Era was the final period before the development of published scripts.

Educational technological innovation during the period of time of Ancient civilizations
According to Robert Saettler, 2004, Educational technology can become traced to typically the time when tribal priests systematized bodies of knowledge plus ancient cultures developed pictographs or signal writing to document and transmit information. In every stage associated with human civilization, one can find an instructional technique or perhaps set of processes meant to implement the particular culture which often were also maintained number of inspections and evidences. Typically the more advanced typically the culture, the more complex became the technology of instruction created to reflect certain ways of personal and social actions intended to run the educated society. More than centuries, each substantial shift in informative values, goals or even objectives led to diverse technologies of coaching.

The greatest advancements in technology in addition to engineering came together with the rise regarding the ancient civilizations. These advances activated and educated some other societies on the globe in order to adopt new methods of living plus governance.

The Indus Valley Civilization was initially an early Bronze Age civilization which has been located in the northwestern region of the Indian Subcontinent. The particular civilization was mainly flourished around the Indus River basin of the Indus and even the Punjab place, extending upto the particular Ghaggar-Hakra River area and the Ganges-Yamuna Doab, (most in the part is beneath today's Pakistan along with the western states of modern-day India in addition to some part of the civilization increasing upto southeastern Afghanistan, and the easternmost part of Balochistan, Iran).

There is definitely a long term controversy to be sure about the particular language that the particular Harappan people spoke. It is thought that their composing was at least seems to be or possibly a pictographic script. The script appears to be able to have experienced about four hundred basic signs, using lots of variations. People write their own script with the particular direction generally from directly to left. Most of the composing was found on seals and sealings that were probably utilized in trade and even official & management work.

Harappan folks had the ability associated with the measuring tools of length, mass, and time. These people were the first throughout the world to produce a system regarding uniform weights in addition to measures.

In a study carried out by G. N. Rao ou al. last season, posted in Science, personal computer scientists found that will the Indus script's pattern is nearer to that of spoken words, which supported the proposed speculation that this codes for an as-yet-unknown terminology.

According to typically the Chinese Civilization, several of the key techno-offerings from China include paper, early seismological detectors, bathroom paper, matches, iron plough, the multi-tube seed drill, typically the suspension bridge, typically the wheelbarrow, the parachute, gas as fuel, the magnetic compass, the raised-relief map, the blast air conditioner, the propeller, the particular crossbow, the To the south Pointing Chariot, and even gun powder. With the invent of paper they have got offered their first step toward developments of informative technology by even more culturing different made by hand products of papers as method of visual aids.

Ancient Egyptian language just visited 1 point one of the lengthiest surviving and used languages on the planet. Their script was made way up of pictures in the real things just like birds, animals, diverse tools, etc. These pictures are popularly called hieroglyph. Their language was produced up of previously mentioned 500 hieroglyphs which are known as hieroglyphics. For the stone typical monuments or tombs which often were discovered and rescued latter upon provides the proof of existence of numerous kinds of artistic hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt.

Educational technology throughout Medieval and Contemporary Time period
Paper and even the pulp papermaking process that has been created in China in the course of the early next century AD, was carried to the Middle East and even was spread to Mediterranean by the particular Muslim conquests. Evidences support which a report mill seemed to be set up in Sicily in the 12th century. The discovery of spinning wheel improved the productivity regarding thread making method largely and whenever Lynn White included the spinning tyre with increasing offer of rags, this kind of led to the particular production of low-cost paper, which was a prime factor within the development of printing technology.

Typically the invention with the printing press was taken place in around 1450 AD, by Johannes Gutenburg, a new German inventor. The invention of printing press was a perfect developmental factor throughout the history involving educational technology to share the instruction in accordance with the need of typically the complex and advanced-technology cultured society.


In the pre-industrial stages, while industry was initially simply the handwork at artisan amount, the instructional procedures were relied intensely upon simple issues like the slate, the horn publication, the blackboard, plus chalk. It was limited to an one text book along with a few pictures. Educational technology has been considered synonymous to be able to simple aids just like charts and photos.

The season 1873 may possibly be considered the landmark in the early on history of technologies of education or even audio-visual education. A good exhibition was organised in Vienna with international level within which an American university won the affection of the teachers for the event of maps, chart, textbooks and some other equipments.

Maria Montessori (1870-1952), internationally famous child educator and the originator of Montessori Method applied a dynamic effect on educational technology through her development of graded materials designed to provide for the proper sequencing involving subject matter regarding each individual spanish student. Modern educational technological innovation suggests many extension of Montessori's thought of prepared child centered environment.

In1833, Charles Babbage's type of a general goal computing device set the foundation of the particular modern computer and even in 1943, the very first computing machine as per hi design was constructed by Worldwide Business Machines Company in USA. The Computer Assisted instruction (CAI) in which the computer functions essentially as a tutor as well as the Talking Kind writer was designed by O. E. Moore in 1966. Since 1974, personal computers are interestingly utilized in education inside schools, universites and colleges.

Inside the beginning regarding the 19th millennium, there were significant changes in typically the field of schooling. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), right from it is start of faculty shows in 1920 got maintained rapid rate in making sound contribution to conventional education. In the particular USA, by 1952, 20 states got the provision regarding educational broadcasting. Similar to this period about 98% of the schools in British were equipped with radios and there were regular daily programs.

Sidney L. Pressey, a psychologist of Ohio state college developed a self-teaching machine called 'Drum Tutor' in 1920. Professor Skinner, on the other hand, in the famous write-up 'Science of Studying and art involving Teaching' published throughout 1945 pleaded intended for the application involving the ability derived from behavioral psychology to classroom procedures and even suggested automated training devices as indicates of doing therefore.

Even though the first useful utilization of Regular tv broadcasts was throughout Germany in 1929 and in 1936 the Olympic Video games in Berlin were broadcasted through tv stations in Bremen, Open circuit television set began to be used mostly for broadcasting shows for entertainment in 1950. Since 60, television is applied for educational reasons.

In 1950, Brynmor, in England, utilized educational technological methods for the first time. It is usually to be cared for that in 60, as an end result of industrial wave in America and Russia, other countries also started advancing in the filed of educational technology. In this way, the starting of educational technologies took place within 1960 from America and Russia and even now it includes arrived at England, Europe and India.

Might be all-around 1950s, new technocracy was turning this attraction to educations when there were some sort of steep deficit of teachers in America and thus an urgent will need of educational technologies was felt. Doctor Alvin C. Eurich and a bit of later his affiliate, Doctor Alexander T. Stoddard introduced size production technology throughout America.

Team training had its origin in America inside the mid of 50s and was first made its debut in the year 1955 at Harvard University as part of internship plan.

In the year 1956, Benjamin Bloom by USA introduced the particular taxonomy of educational objectives through the publication, "The Taxonomy of Educational Targets, The Classification associated with Educational Goals, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain".

In 1961, Tiny teaching technique was initially adopted by Dwight W. Allen and his co-workers at Stanford University in UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

Electronics is the main technology getting developed at first of 21st century. Internet broadband access became well-liked and occupied almost all the key workplaces and educational locations and even found in common places in developed countries along with the advantage associated with connecting home computers with music libraries and mobile mobile phones.

Today's classroom is more likely in order to be a technological innovation lab, a place with rows of students using world wide web connected or Wi fi enabled laptops, palmtops, notepad, or possibly learners are attending a video conferencing or virtual classroom or perhaps may have been listening to the podcast or taking in a video address. Rapid technological adjustments in the line of business of educational have created new ways to be able to teach also to learn. Technological changes likewise motivated the teachers to access many different information on some sort of global scale by means of the Internet, to be able to enhance their lessons as well while to make sure they are competent professional in their location of concern. At the same time, students can employ vast resources involving the Internet to enrich their understanding experience to handle up with changing pattern in the society. Now a days college students as well instructors are attending seminars, conferences, workshops from national and world level by employing the multimedia techno-resources like PowerPoint and even they pursue various important courses associated with their choice inside distance mode through online learning techniques. Online learning facility has opened assets quantity of doors involving opportunities for modern-day learner to create their life more comfortable than ever just before.


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