Notes

Good Educational Technology
There is not any written evidence which will tell us exactly who has gave the phrase educative technology. Different educationists, scientists and philosophers at different period intervals have place forwarded different explanations of Educational Technology. Educational technology will be a multifaceted and even integrated process concerning people, procedure, tips, devices, and corporation, where technology from different fields involving science is lent as per typically the need and need of education for implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions in order to those problems involved inside all facets of human being learning.

Educational technology, broadly speaking, has passed through five stages.

The first period of educational technology is coupled with the use associated with aids like charts, maps, symbols, designs, specimens and solid materials. The name educational technology was used as synonyms to audio-visual assists.

The second stage of educational technological innovation is associated using the 'electronic revolution' with the intro and establishment associated with sophisticated hardware plus software. Use associated with various audio-visual aids like projector, secret lanterns, tape-recorder, broadcast and television delivered new change in the educational situation. Accordingly, educational technology concept was consumed terms of these kinds of sophisticated instruments in addition to equipments for powerful presentation of educational materials.

The third stage of educational technology is linked with the development of advertising which in turn directed to 'communication revolution' for instructional functions. Computer-assisted Instruction (CAI) used for education since 1950s furthermore became popular in the course of this era.

Typically the fourth stage regarding educational technology will be discernible by the individualized process involving instruction. The invention regarding programmed learning and even programmed instruction presented a new dimension to educational technological innovation. A system regarding self-learning based on self-instructional materials plus teaching machines emerged.

The latest concept of educational technology is definitely influenced by the idea of system executive or system method which focuses about language laboratories, educating machines, programmed training, multimedia technologies in addition to the use regarding the computer in instruction. In accordance with it, educational technology is usually a systematic means of designing, carrying away and evaluating the particular total technique of training and learning within terms of specific objectives based upon research.


Educational technological innovation during the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Era
Educational technologies, regardless of the uncertainty of the origin involving the term, could be traced back to be able to time of the three-age system periodization of human prehistory; namely the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and typically the Iron Age.

Duringthe Stone Age, ignition involving fire by scrubbing stones, manufacture associated with various handmade tool and utensils coming from stones and apparel practice were a few of the simple technological innovations of utmost significance. A fraction involving Stone Age folks developed ocean-worthy outrigger canoe ship technologies to migrate in one place to one other across the Ocean, by simply which they made their first informal education of knowledge associated with the ocean currents, weather conditions, sailing practice, astronavigation, in addition to star maps. Throughout the later Natural stone Age period (Neolithic period), for gardening practice, polished rock tools were built from a variety involving hard rocks mostly by digging subway tunnels, which may be regarded as the very first stages in mining technologies. The polished axes were so efficient that even right after appearance of dureté and iron; people used it for clearing forest as well as the establishment of plant farming.

Although Stone Age cultures left little written records, nevertheless archaeological evidences proven their shift by nomadic life to be able to agricultural settlement. Ancient tools conserved in different museums, cave artwork like Altamira Cave in Spain, and other prehistoric art, such as the particular Venus of Willendorf, Mother Goddess through Laussel, France and so forth. are a couple of the evidences in favour of their nationalities.

Neolithic Revolution of Caveman days resulted directly into the appearance associated with Bronze Age together with development of cultivation, animal domestication, plus the adoption of permanent settlements. For these practices Bronze Grow older people further produced metal smelting, with copper and later on bronze, an combination of tin in addition to copper, being typically the materials of the selection.

The Iron Age group people replaced fermeté and developed the knowledge of straightener smelting technology to reduce the cost regarding living since golf club utensils were tougher and cheaper compared to bronze equivalents. On many Eurasian ethnicities, the Iron Age was the final period before typically the development of created scripts.

Educational technological innovation during the period of Ancient civilizations
According to Robert Saettler, 2004, Academic technology can become traced back in the particular time when tribe priests systematized body of knowledge and ancient cultures created pictographs or signal writing to document and transmit details. In most stage of human civilization, 1 can find the instructional technique or even set of processes intended to implement the particular culture which were also supported by number of investigations and evidences. The more advanced typically the culture, the more intricate became the technologies of instruction developed to reflect certain ways of specific and social conduct designed to run a good educated society. More than centuries, each substantial shift in educational values, goals or objectives generated different technologies of teaching.

The greatest developments in technology in addition to engineering came with the rise of the ancient civilizations. These advances activated and educated various other societies in the world to be able to adopt new ways of living plus governance.

The Extrêmes Valley Civilization was basically an early Bronze Time civilization which has been located in typically the northwestern region of the Indian Subcontinent. The particular civilization was mainly flourished around typically the Indus River container with the Indus in addition to the Punjab location, extending upto the particular Ghaggar-Hakra River pit and the Ganges-Yamuna Doab, (most of the part is beneath today's Pakistan along with the western states associated with modern-day India as well as some part regarding the civilization stretching upto southeastern Afghanistan, and the easternmost part of Balochistan, Iran).

There is definitely a long name controversy to end up being sure about the language that typically the Harappan people talked. It is presumed that their writing i visited least seems to be or even a pictographic script. The particular script appears in order to have experienced about 500 basic signs, together with lots of different versions. People write their own script with the direction generally from right to left. The majority of of the composing was found upon seals and sealings which were probably applied in trade plus official & administrative work.

Harappan folks had the ability of the measuring resources of length, bulk, and time. These people were the first inside the world to build up a system associated with uniform weights in addition to measures.

In the study completed by S. N. Rao ain al. last year, published in Science, personal computer scientists found that the Indus script's pattern is closer to that of voiced words, which reinforced the proposed speculation it codes intended for an as-yet-unknown terminology.

According to typically the Chinese Civilization, many of the major techno-offerings from China include paper, early seismological detectors, lavatory paper, matches, metal plough, the multi-tube seed drill, the particular suspension bridge, the wheelbarrow, the parachute, gas as energy, the magnetic compass, the raised-relief chart, the blast air conditioner, the propeller, typically the crossbow, the Southern Pointing Chariot, in addition to gun powder. Together with the invent associated with paper they may have offered their very first step to developments of educative technology by additional culturing different made by hand products of paper as way of image aids.

Ancient Egypt language was at a single point one of many longest surviving and applied languages on the globe. Their particular script was made way up of pictures of the real things such as birds, animals, different tools, etc. These kinds of pictures are commonly called hieroglyph. Their own language was made up of above 500 hieroglyphs that happen to be known as hieroglyphics. Within the stone monuments or tombs which in turn were discovered and even rescued latter in provides the evidence of existence of several kinds of artistic hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt.

Educational technology during Medieval and Contemporary Period
Paper and even the pulp papermaking process which was designed in China during the early 2nd century AD, seemed to be carried to the Middle East and was spread to be able to Mediterranean by the particular Muslim conquests. Evidences support a document mill was also established in Sicily inside the 12th centuries. The discovery involving spinning wheel elevated the productivity involving thread making method largely and any time Lynn White included the spinning tire with increasing supply of rags, this led to typically the production of low-cost paper, which was initially a prime factor throughout the development associated with printing technology.

Typically the invention with the producing press was consumed place in roughly 1450 AD, simply by Johannes Gutenburg, the German inventor. The invention of printing push was a prime developmental factor in the history involving educational technology to convey the instruction as per the need of the particular complex and advanced-technology cultured society.

Inside the pre-industrial stages, while industry has been simply the handwork at artisan amount, the instructional techniques were relied seriously upon simple items like the slate, the horn guide, the blackboard, in addition to chalk. It was restricted to a solitary text book with a few drawings. Educational technology seemed to be considered synonymous in order to simple aids just like charts and photos.

The entire year 1873 may possibly be considered a landmark within the earlier history of technological innovation of education or even audio-visual education. The exhibition was kept in Vienna with international level throughout which an American institution won the love of the tutors for the event of maps, charts, textbooks and some other equipments.

Maria Montessori (1870-1952), internationally renowned child educator and the originator of Montessori Method applied a dynamic impact on educational technology via her development involving graded materials developed to give the proper sequencing involving subject matter intended for each individual novice. Modern educational technology suggests many extension of Montessori's thought of prepared kid centered environment.

In1833, Charles Babbage's type of a general goal computing device put the inspiration of the particular modern computer plus in 1943, the first computing machine depending on hi design was initially constructed by Worldwide Business Machines Corporation in USA. The Computer Assisted instruction (CAI) in which the computer functions fundamentally as a guitar tutor as well since the Talking Type writer was created by O. E. Moore in 1966. Since 1974, computer systems are interestingly applied in education inside schools, universites and colleges.

Found in the beginning regarding the 19th millennium, there were popular changes in typically the field of schooling. British Broadcasting Organization (BBC), from it is start of school messages in 1920 got maintained rapid tempo in making appear contribution to conventional education. In typically the USA, by 1952, 20 states got the provision regarding educational broadcasting. Seite an seite to this period about 98% in the schools in British isles were equipped with radios and there were regular daily programmes.

Sidney L. Pressey, a psychologist regarding Ohio state college developed a self-teaching machine called 'Drum Tutor' in 1920. Professor Skinner, nevertheless, in his famous content 'Science of Studying and art regarding Teaching' published throughout 1945 pleaded regarding the application of the knowledge derived by behavioral psychology in order to classroom procedures and even suggested automated teaching devices as indicates of doing therefore.

Although the first functional using Regular tv broadcasts was in Germany in 1929 and in 1936 the Olympic Games in Berlin have been broadcasted through tv stations in Munich, Open circuit tv set were now being used generally for broadcasting shows for entertainment inside of 1950. Since 1960, television is utilized for educational purposes.

In 1950, Brynmor, in England, applied educational technological steps for the initial time. It will be to be cared for that in 1960, as an effect of industrial revolution in America in addition to Russia, other nations also started progressing in the registered of educational technologies. This way, the beginning of educational technologies took place inside 1960 from The usa and Russia in addition to now it offers attained England, Europe plus India.

During the time of about 1950s, new technocracy was turning this attraction to educations when there were a new steep shortage of teachers in America and therefore an urgent need of educational technologies was felt. Doctor Alvin C. Eurich and a small later his link, Dr . Alexander M. Stoddard introduced size production technology within America.

Team teaching had its beginning in America within the mid of fifties and was first of all started in the year 1955 at Harvard University as a part of internship plan.

Back in 1956, Benjamin Bloom by USA introduced the taxonomy of academic objectives through his publication, "The Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, The Classification regarding Educational Goals, Guide I: Cognitive Domain".

In 1961, Small teaching technique was initially adopted by Dwight W. Allen fantastic co-workers at Stanford University in UNITED STATES.

Electronics is typically the main technology becoming developed in the beginning of 21st century. Broadband Internet access became well-liked and occupied practically all the top office buildings and educational locations and even inside common places inside of developed countries along with the advantage involving connecting home computer systems with music your local library and mobile mobile phones.

Today's classroom is usually more likely in order to be a technology lab, a place with rows regarding students using world wide web connected or Wifi enabled laptops, palmtops, notepad, or maybe college students are attending some sort of video conferencing or virtual classroom or perhaps may have recently been listening to a new podcast or ingesting a video spiel. Rapid technological alterations in the subject of educational have formulated new ways in order to teach also to find out. Technological changes furthermore motivated the teachers to access a variety of information on the global scale via the Internet, in order to enhance their classes as well seeing that to get them to qualified professional inside their region of concern. From the same period, students can make use of vast resources regarding the Internet to enrich their understanding experience to cope program changing trend in the society. Right now a days college students as well instructors are attending workshops, conferences, workshops with national and essential level by using the multimedia techno-resources like PowerPoint as well as they pursue many different important courses regarding their choice found in distance mode through online learning methods. Online learning service has opened assets number of doors involving opportunities for modern-day learner to create their life happier than ever just before.


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