Notes

RC Battery & Charger</br>

<h1>RC LIPO BATTERY GUIDE: EXPLANATION, SAFETY, AND CARE</h1>


Without LiPo batteries, quadcopters as well as drones possibly wouldn't exist.


Why?


Because no other battery gives as much power while supplying high quantities of existing in so little of a plan. This indicates: longer flight times, far better ability to move, and also quicker flying. In other words, more enjoyable.


Nonetheless, there is a lot of complication about what terms imply, just how to effectively charge lithium polymer batteries, as well as how to be safe when using batteries.


In this lipo battery guide, you'll get:


An extensive description of battery specs-- Nominal as well as cut-off voltage, capacity, C-rating, internal resistance and also more

Just how to increase the life of your lipo battery

What to look for in a lipo battery charger

How to make use of a lipo battery charger

Why equilibrium charging is necessary

The difference in between different types of battery ports

Correct lipo battery safety as well as treatment

A glossary of typical lipo battery terms


So, allow's start with battery specifications.


<h2>Battery Voltage</h2>


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The initial specification that many people consider when selecting a battery is the voltage. As mentioned in my article on motor Kv constant, the speed of your electric motors is proportional to the voltage you provide to them so greater voltage batteries are capable of turning motors quicker than lower voltage batteries. The voltage of your battery will identify the sort of ESC's and motors that you will certainly need to make use of.


Lipo battery voltage is defined by the number of cells in series. Each cell has a nominal voltage 3.7 V. Different battery business note their lipos in various methods however the majority of people often tend to refer to their batteries as 1ST, TWO, THREE, etc


The adhering to voltage chart reveals each battery designation and the matching voltage.


1S = 1 cell in series x 3.7 V = 3.7 V.

TWO = 2 cells in series x 3.7 V = 7.4 V.

SIX = 3 cells in series x 3.7 V = 11.1 V.

4S = 4 cells in collection x 3.7 V = 14.8 V.

5S = 5 cells in series x 3.7 V = 18.5 V.

SIX = 6 cells in series x 3.7 V = 22.2 V


You might additionally see lipos that utilize a letter &quot;P&quot; to mark voltage. For instance, 2S1P or 2S2P. This is not as common with quadcopter batteries however you may see it with LiPo's suggested for other sorts of RC vehicles.


&quot; P&quot; stands for the number of cells in parallel. 2S1P suggests &quot;2 cells in series and also 1 cell in parallel.&quot; If a battery doesn't have a &quot;P&quot; then it is assumed to be &quot;1P.&quot; So 2S1P and also 2S coincide point.


3S2P indicates &quot;3 cells in collection as well as 2 cells in parallel.&quot; rc airplane would have a total of 6 cells with 2 identical teams of cells with 3 cells in collection in each of those groups.


<h2>Maximum Voltage and also Cut-off Voltage.</h2>


Take into consideration the 2 battery voltage contours in Figure 1. An &quot;excellent&quot; battery and an &quot;actual&quot; battery are shown. An excellent battery would be capable of supplying constant voltage for the whole time it is releasing up until it is completely released.


Actual batteries do not behave in this manner. Rather they start at a higher voltage and then their voltage will slowly lower as the battery is discharged.


So while a perfect battery might have a voltage of 3.7 V during the whole time it is releasing, an actual battery will start at the maximum voltage of 4.2 V As it releases, keep decreasing.


How far will it lower? If you let it, it will completely discharge down to no volts.


Nevertheless:.


Battery manufacturers typically advise you do not release your battery below a certain minimum voltage. This minimal voltage is called the cut-off voltage. Numerous manufacturers recommend the cut-off voltage for lipos to be 3.0 Volts.


Practically speaking, this means you ought to establish your voltage alarm system to something greater than 3.0 V to make sure that you can securely land your quadcopter before it drops below 3.0 V Many people establish their alarm systems to 3.3 V.


<h2>Battery Capacity.</h2>


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Battery capacity is determined in Amp-hrs or milliamp-hrs. It provides you an indicator of the overall energy that a battery can keep. As a whole, the greater the capability, the longer your battery will certainly last.


Using the gas container example, a high capability battery has a large gas tank that enables it to save a lot of gas.


The very best method to recognize the capacity of lipos is to consider just how it is determined. The general procedure is to take a battery as well as determine what continuous current triggers the lipo to go down below the battery cut-off voltage in specifically 1 hr.


The capacity is after that just that existing times 1 hour.


So a 3000 mAh capacity battery will certainly drop from full voltage to the cut-off voltage in 1 hour if you discharge the battery at 3000 mA (3 Amps). 3 Amps x 1 hour = 3 Amp-hrs = 3000 mAh.


There is one essential thing you need to keep in mind ...


The ability of a battery lowers as the existing draw increases. This implies that if your capability is 3000 mAh for a consistent 3 Amp current draw, then your ability will certainly be less than 3000 mAh if you draw a consistent 6 Amps or a continuous 30 Amps.


I've seen a lot of explanations of capacity that do not inform you this. You will certainly commonly see it composed that if your battery's capability is 3000 mAh, then that suggests you can attract 3 Amps for 1 hour, 6 Amps for 30 minutes, or 30 Amps for 6 mins. As a whole this is not the case.


In order to inform how present influences ability, you require to take a look at a lipo battery discharge curves. Many good battery datasheets will reveal different discharge curves for various constant current draws.


This figure reveals the discharge contour of a 1S, 1700 mAh, 35C battery (extra on what &quot;35C&quot; suggests later). Each line stands for a various consistent current (42.5 A, 47.6 A, 51.0 A, etc.). This figure shows us that for an offered cut off voltage the discharge ability decreases as the present draw goes up.


In this instance, for a removed voltage of 3.0 V, the ability at 1.7 A (1C) is 1700 mAh and I would certainly approximate the capacity at 42.5 A (25 C) to be about 1630 mAh and the capacity at 68.0 A (40 C) to be about 1460 mAh.


So the 2 important things to keep in mind about capacity are:.


Ability informs you the amount of present that the battery can supplying for 1 hr.

If you discharge your battery at higher currents than that, your capability decreases.


( Note that Amp-hrs is not a procedure of energy. Energy is measured in Watt-hrs. If you assume that the battery is releasing at constant voltage, you can compute energy from that. Nevertheless, as we found out in the previous area, batteries do not discharge at constant voltage.).


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