Notes

RC Battery & Charger</br>

<h1>RC LIPO BATTERY GUIDE: EXPLANATION, SAFETY, AND CARE</h1>


Without LiPo batteries, quadcopters as well as drones most likely wouldn't exist.


Why?


Due to the fact that nothing else battery supplies as much power while delivering high quantities of existing in so little of a plan. This indicates: longer trip times, much better maneuverability, as well as faster flying. Simply put, even more enjoyable.


Nonetheless, there is a great deal of confusion concerning what terms mean, just how to correctly charge lithium polymer batteries, and how to be safe when making use of batteries.


In this lipo battery overview, you'll obtain:


An in-depth description of battery specifications-- Nominal and cut-off voltage, capacity, C-rating, inner resistance and also more

Just how to enhance the life of your lipo battery

What to search for in a lipo battery charger

How to make use of a lipo battery charger

Why balance charging is important

The distinction between various sorts of battery ports

Appropriate lipo battery safety and also treatment

A reference of usual lipo battery terms


So, allow's begin with battery specs.


<h2>Battery Voltage</h2>


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The first spec that lots of people look at when picking out a battery is the voltage. As stated in my article on motor Kv consistent, the rate of your electric motors is proportional to the voltage you supply to them so greater voltage batteries can turning electric motors faster than reduced voltage batteries. The voltage of your battery will certainly identify the kind of ESC's and also electric motors that you will certainly need to use.


Lipo battery voltage is specified by the variety of cells in collection. Each cell has a nominal voltage 3.7 V. Different battery companies note their lipos in different means yet most individuals often tend to refer to their batteries as 1ST, TWO, FIVE, etc


The adhering to voltage chart shows each battery designation and also the matching voltage.


1ST = 1 cell in series x 3.7 V = 3.7 V.

TWO = 2 cells in series x 3.7 V = 7.4 V.

THREE = 3 cells in collection x 3.7 V = 11.1 V.

FOUR = 4 cells in collection x 3.7 V = 14.8 V.

5S = 5 cells in series x 3.7 V = 18.5 V.

6S = 6 cells in collection x 3.7 V = 22.2 V


You might likewise see lipos that utilize a letter &quot;P&quot; to assign voltage. For instance, 2S1P or 2S2P. This is not as typical with quadcopter batteries yet you might see it with LiPo's meant for various other kinds of RC vehicles.


&quot; P&quot; stands for the number of cells in parallel. 2S1P implies &quot;2 cells in series as well as 1 cell in parallel.&quot; If a battery doesn't have a &quot;P&quot; then it is presumed to be &quot;1P.&quot; So 2S1P and TWO are the same thing.


3S2P means &quot;3 cells in series as well as 2 cells in parallel.&quot; This battery would certainly have a total amount of 6 cells with 2 identical teams of cells with 3 cells in series in each of those teams.


<h2>Maximum Voltage and also Cut-off Voltage.</h2>


Think about first airplane in Figure 1. An &quot;excellent&quot; battery as well as an &quot;real&quot; battery are shown. A perfect battery would be capable of supplying consistent voltage for the whole time it is discharging till it is entirely discharged.


Real batteries don't act this way. Instead they begin at a higher voltage and after that their voltage will gradually reduce as the battery is discharged.


So while an excellent battery may have a voltage of 3.7 V during the entire time it is discharging, an actual battery will certainly start at the optimum voltage of 4.2 V As it discharges, keep lowering.


How far will it lower? If best battery charger let it, it will fully discharge down to no volts.


Nonetheless:.


Battery producers generally advise you do not release your battery below a particular minimum voltage. This minimum voltage is called the cut-off voltage. Several manufacturers suggest the cut-off voltage for lipos to be 3.0 Volts.


Practically speaking, this means you should set your voltage alarm to something greater than 3.0 V to ensure that you can securely land your quadcopter before it drops below 3.0 V Many individuals establish their alarm systems to 3.3 V.


<h2>Battery Capacity.</h2>


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Battery capacity is gauged in Amp-hrs or milliamp-hrs. It gives you a sign of the total power that a battery can save. As a whole, the higher the ability, the longer your battery will last.


Using the gas storage tank analogy, a high capacity battery has a big gas storage tank that enables it to store a lot of gas.


The most effective means to comprehend the capacity of lipos is to think about exactly how it is measured. The general treatment is to take a battery as well as find out what consistent present triggers the lipo to drop below the battery cut-off voltage in precisely 1 hr.


The capacity is then just that current times 1 hour.


So a 3000 mAh capacity battery will go down from complete voltage to the cut-off voltage in 1 hour if you release the battery at 3000 mA (3 Amps). 3 Amps x 1 hr = 3 Amp-hrs = 3000 mAh.


There is one essential thing you need to note ...


The capacity of a battery lowers as the present draw rises. This means that if your ability is 3000 mAh for a constant 3 Amp current draw, then your capacity will be less than 3000 mAh if you attract a continuous 6 Amps or a constant 30 Amps.


I've seen a lot of explanations of capability that do not inform you this. You will often see it written that if your battery's capacity is 3000 mAh, then that suggests you can attract 3 Amps for 1 hr, 6 Amps for 30 minutes, or 30 Amps for 6 mins. As a whole this is not the case.


In order to tell exactly how existing affects capacity, you need to consider a lipo battery discharge curves. A lot of good battery datasheets will certainly reveal different discharge curves for various consistent existing attracts.


This figure reveals the discharge contour of a 1ST, 1700 mAh, 35C battery (a lot more on what &quot;35C&quot; implies later). Each line represents a various consistent current (42.5 A, 47.6 A, 51.0 A, and so on). This number shows us that for a given cut off voltage the discharge capability reduces as the existing draw rises.


In this example, for a removed voltage of 3.0 V, the capability at 1.7 A (1C) is 1700 mAh and I would certainly estimate the capacity at 42.5 A (25 C) to be concerning 1630 mAh and also the capacity at 68.0 A (40 C) to be concerning 1460 mAh.


So the 2 crucial points to remember concerning ability are:.


Ability tells you the amount of present that the battery can supplying for 1 hour.

If you discharge your battery at higher currents than that, your capability decreases.


( Note that Amp-hrs is not a step of power. Energy is determined in Watt-hrs. If you think that the battery is discharging at constant voltage, you could compute power from that. However, as we found out in the previous section, batteries do not release at constant voltage.).


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