Notes

Population Density
a measure of total population relative to land size. Assumes an even distribution of the population over the land.

Arithmetic Population Density
the average population density and emphasizes the contrasts between countries.

Physiology Population Density
the number of people per unit area of agricultural productive land, a superior index of population density relates the total population of a country or region to the area of arable land it contains.

Population Distribution
descriptions of locations on the Earth's surface where individuals or groups (depending on the scale) live.

Dot Map
represents population distributions in which one dot represents a certain number of a population.

Megalopolis
refers to such huge urban agglomerations that urban geographers use as a term.

Census
a periodic and official count of the country's population.

Doubling Time
the time required for a population to double in size, a good way to easily grasp the growth rate in world population is to compare a population's rate of growth to its doubling time.

Population Explosion
the rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase.

Natural Increase
the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths, was expected to vary over different periods of time.

Crude Birth Rate
the number of live births per year per thousand people in the population, calculated by demographers.

Crude Death Rate
the number of deaths per year per thousand people, calculated by demographers.

Demographic Transition
the shift in population growth called by the demographers.

Stationary Population Level
the level at which a national population ceases to grow.

Population Composition
structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education.

Population Pyramids
used by geographers and demographers to represent population composition visually.

Infant Mortality Rate
a figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population, reflects the overall health of a society.

Child Mortality Rate
a figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population.

Life Expectancy
the number of years, an average, someone may expect to remain alive, an indicator of a society's well-being.

Infectious Diseases
65% of all diseases resulting from an invasion of parasites and their multiplication in the body.

Chronic or Degenerative Diseases
the afflictions of middle and old age, reflecting higher life expectancies.

Genetic or Inherited Diseases
diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in a human.

Endemic
a disease that prevails over a small area.

AIDS
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) a new disease identified in Africa in the early 1980s.

Expansive Population Policies
societies in which they encourage large families and raise the rate of natural increase.

Eugenic Population Policies
designed to favor one racial or cultural specter of the population over others.

Restrictive Population Policies
government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase.

One-Child Policy
a program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China.

Newborn Mortality Rate
the number of infants who die within the 1st 5 months of life per 1000 live births.