Classification:Characteristics needed to live: move,air,water,nutrition,responds to change,produce waste, grow older, reproduce.Mammals have skin with hair or fur constant body temp example human. Birds(Aves) have feathers, eggs with hard shell, constant body temperature emu. Fish with cartilaginous skeleton are found in water, skeleton made of cartilage, skin with scales, gills,changing body temp. Example: shark.Reptiles have scales,changing body temp. Example snake.Amphibia soft without scales, changing body temp examples: frog.Fish with a bony skeleton found in water, skeleton made of bone, gills, changing body temp. Examples: goldfish.Jawless fish no fins, gills. Examples: lamprey. Mammals:Placental are well developed when born example mice.Marsupials give birth when young in early stage of development. Babies carried in pouch.Example kangaroo, koala. Monotremes lay leathery shelled eggs. Young feed on milk. Example platypus. Invertebrates: Platyhelminths have flat body, headlike region mouth opening examples tapeworm. Arthropods found in land and water, segmented bodies, jointed and paired legs, examples spider. Poriferans water, spongy body examples bath sponge. Annelids found in water,round examples leech. Cnidarians live in sea, soft body, one opening,tentacles examples jelly fish.Nematodes worm like body, mouth and anus, found in water examples threadworm. Echinoderms found in sea spiny skin,mouth and anus example sea urchin.Molluscs found in water, soft body, mouth and anus,examples snail.Gymnosperm(conifers) found on land, true roots, no flowers, example cedar. Angiosperms(flowering plants) found on land,produce flowers, true roots. Examples fruit trees.Bryophytes(mosses and liverworts) found in damp places, root-like structure, simple leaves examples mosses. Pteridophytes(ferns) found in moist areas, no flowers, proper roots and stems. Examples maidenhair fern, tree fern. Algae live in water, unicellular, no true roots, stems, no special tissue for transporting water.Examples: euglena.Fungi no true roots, stems, leaves, usually multicellular, no chloropyhll, obtain food from dead organisms. Examples : yeasts, moulds. Lichens found on rocks, trees, no true roots, stems,leaves,grow slowly, fungus provides protection.Cells:Stereo two eyed microscope. Light microscope has limited visible detail but are prepared quickly. Electron have high magnification but only dead section can be viewed. 5 kingdoms are Animalia, plantae, fungi, protista (leftovers) and monera (bacteria.) Nucleus is control center containing chromosome containing info. Prokaryotes have a nucleus with a membrane. Eukaryotes have a membrane around nucleus.animalia: multicellular, nucleus with membrane.Fungi usually multicellular, nucleus with membrane, cell wall.Plantae: most multicellular, nucleus with membrane, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts. Monera: unicellular,cell wall,chloroplasts in some, Protista: unicellular, membrane, cell wall in some, large vacuole in some, chloroplasts in some.Cell membrane controls what goes in and out of cell. Materials enter and exit through pores. Cytoplasm has chemical reactions, transfer energy, stores food.The cell wall provides protection.Organelles are found inside the cytoplasm of eukaryotes. These include mitochondria which supplies energy. Vacuole contains watery fluid. It stores water and dissolved substances.Unicellular does all jobs by itself.Reproduces by cell division.Multicellular are filled with cells which do different jobs. Reproduction, growth and repair involve cell division. Micrometre is 1 millionth of a metre. Plant cells contain cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplasts. Viruses are non- living. Viruses reproduce by invading a cell. They don't have a membrane or cytoplasm. They have a protein box containing nucleic acid. When inside a cell virus's act as if they are alive. Some viruses are smallpox, ebola, polio and chickenpox.
