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Cognition: Mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communication information
-Reasoning, Judgment
-Consciousness, emotion
Concept: Mental grouping of similar things
-objects, events, states, ideas, people
-Ex. Images & words used to represent concepts
Language Development
-We acquire 10 new words per day between 2 and 18
-Children learn basic grammar before basic math
Uses of Language
-Understanding phenomena
-Connect to people from a long distance
-Storing information
-Make plans and carry them out
What is language made of?
-Phonemes: smallest unit of language (vowels and consonants)
-Morphemes: words of meaning (prefixes, roots, and suffixes)
-Grammar: the rules for using words
-Semantics, definitions, connotations, and syntax
Stages of language learning
0-4 months: Receptive language: associating sounds with facial expressions + recognizing when sounds are broken into words
4 months: Productive language: babbling in multilingual sounds and gestures
10 months: Babbling sounds more like parents' language
12 months: One-Word Stage: understanding and beginning to say many nouns
18-24 months: Two word telegraphic speech: very basic sentences with basic words, adding verbs
24+ months, 2+ years: Sentences and more complex words/grammar
-Important to begin language learning early so that language centers develop
Bilingual advantage: numerous brain connections, suppressing one language to learn another, and impulse control/resisting distractions
Do other species use language?
Receptive language exists for some animals, such as dogs.
Productive language: many animals have words - sounds, gestures, and dances to communicate information
-including different words for different objects, states, and places
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