Notes

Deer eat grass. What term describes the ecological relationship between deer and grass?
competitive
symbiotic *
mutualistic
predation

What do we call colors or patterns that help an organism blend in or hide in its surroundings?
commensalism
camouflage *
symbiosis
mimicry

Which level of organization includes living and nonliving things?
population
ecosystem *
species
organism

Which term describes how a person gets energy?
photosynthetic
hydrothermal
phototrophic
chemotrophic *

Which is true of primary succession?
It starts with grasses and trees.
It starts on nonliving rock and land. *
A diverse community is already present.
Soil nutrients are already present.

Which statement is true of succession?
Most communities take thousands of years to become stable.
Most communities never become completely stable.
Most communities are already completely stable.
Most communities take hundreds of years to become stable. *

Organisms leave a population when they _____.
reproduce
compete
immigrate
emigrate *

Succession is the process of _____ in a community.
human disturbance
natural disturbance
evolutionary change
ecological change *

What is the largest level of organization for the environment?
population
community
biosphere *
ecosystem

Which biome contains plants and animals that are adapted to conserve water?
savanna
chaparral
desert *
tundra

Which describes the ability of a community to resist change?
density
stability *
diversity
interactivity

Which biome is likely to be the home of zebras and lions?
chaparral
desert
tundra
savanna *

How does secondary succession differ from primary succession?
It begins on bare rock or land.
Soil nutrients are already in place. *
Lichens and mosses form soil first.
It begins where no plants have grown.

Which level of organization includes the most interactions?
community
ecosystem
biosphere *
population

What kind of consumer is Mark when he eats the beef in a hamburger?
tertiary
quaternary
primary
secondary*

Which factor affects the same percentage of a population regardless of the population’s density?
food
habitat
space
flood*

Which is a density-independent factor?
food
water
habitat
drought*

Which biome is home to permafrost?
chaparral
desert
savanna
tundra*

What are large areas of land or water with similar climate called?
community
biome *
population
ecosystem

Mice eat corn. Hawks eat mice. Which term describes hawks in this food chain?
tertiary consumer
secondary consumer*
quaternary consumer
primary consumer

Which type of forest contains many trees that shed their leaves during fall and winter?
temperate
tropical
coniferous
deciduous*

When the number of organisms increases in an ecosystem, the _____.
carrying capacity usually increases
number of droughts usually decreases
number of resources is usually the same*
available water supply usually increases

Which are the first organisms to start the process of primary succession?
woody shrubs
microorganisms*
wild animals
grass species

Which event is likely to trigger succession?
low tide
destructive hurricane*
typical winter
thunderstorm


Ecological change in a community following a major disturbance is called _____.
stability
succession*
diversity
evolution

Which distribution pattern spreads out evenly in an ecosystem?
uniform*
random
grouped
clumped

From where do chemotrophs get energy?
air
food*
light
water

A community that experiences major changes undergoes _____.
ecological change*
complete stability
toxic events
total destruction

Where is primary succession likely to occur?
on new rock created by a volcanic eruption*
at the deepest point on the ocean floor
near the base of a mature shade tree
in a field that has recently been mowed

When grass is randomly distributed throughout an environment, a population of deer that eats grass is most likely to have a _____ pattern.
uniform
grouped
clumped
random*

Which is an example of commensalism?
Barnacles benefit from living on whales, and they do not hurt the whales.*
Fleas benefit from living on dogs, but they hurt the dogs.
Hawks benefit from eating snakes, but they do not benefit the snakes.
Birds benefit from living on rhinoceroses, and they benefit the rhinoceroses.

Which will probably decrease population density?
forest fire*
high birth rate
fewer predators
normal rainfall

The interactions that occur in a pond are part of a(n) _____.
community
organism
ecosystem*
population

What does population density measure?
the area occupied by a population
the different species in a community
the degree of crowding of a population
the number of individuals in a sample*

What distribution pattern describes wolves that live in packs?
independent
clumped*
random
uniform