Notes![what is notes.io? What is notes.io?](/theme/images/whatisnotesio.png)
![]() ![]() Notes - notes.io |
Positive + negative charges (underlined)
-atoms:
-protons - positive electric charge
-electrons - negative electric charge
-neutrons - no electric charge
-the amount of positive charge on a proton = the amount of negative charge on an electron
-when the positive charge + negative charge cancel out, an atom has no net electric charge
-objects w/ no net charge are said to be electrically neutral
-the amount of electric charge is measured in coulombs (C)
-there are 6,250 million billion protons in 1 C of electric charge; there are 6,250 million billion electrons in -1 C of electric charge
-because electrons are bound more tightly to some atoms + molecules, when a shoe walks on a carpet, electrons transfer from the carpet to the sole of the shoe, the shoe gain an excess of electrons + becomes negatively charged, while the carpet ends up having an excess of positive charge
-static electricity - the accumulation of excess electric charge on an object
-the law of conservation of charge:
charge can be transferred from object to object, but it cannot be created or destroyed
-usually, it is the electrons that transfer from one object to another + not the protons
-Charges exert forces (underlined)
-like magnets, opposite charges attract, whilst like charges repel (charges do not attract or repel particles w/ no charge, such as neutrons, through the electric force)
-the force between electric charges depends on the amount of charge as well as on the distance between charges
-electric field - surrounds every electric charge + exerts the force that causes other electric charges to be attracted or repelled
-any charge that is placed in an electric field would make a positive charge move (electric charges don't need to be touching to exert forces on each other)
-electric field arrows point away from positive charges + toward negative charges
-compared w/ electric forces, the force of gravity is very weak
-Conductors + insulators (underlined)
-conductor - a material through which electrons move easily
-skin is an effective conductor
-best conductors: metals
-insulator - a material in which electrons are not able to move easily
-glass: an insulator
-electrons are held tightly to the atoms that make up insulators
-most plastics: insulators
-Charging by contact (underlined)
-charging by contact - the process of transferring charge by touching or rubbing
-if you rub 2 materials together, it can result in a transfer of electrons, resulting in on material left w/ a positive charge + the other w/ an equal amount of negative charge
-Charging by induction (underlined)
-because electric forces act at a distance, charged objects brought near a neutral object will cause electrons to rearrange their positions on the neutral object
-charging by induction - the rearrangement of electrons on a neutral object caused by a nearby charged object
-Lightning (underlined)
-static discharges - a transfer of charge between 2 objects because of a buildup of static electricity (lightning, getting shocked, etc.)
-thundercloud: a mighty static electricity generator
-as air masses move + swrl in the cloud, areas of positive + negative charge build up
-eventually, enough charge builds up to cause a static discharge between the cloud + the ground
-as the electric charges move through air, they collide w/ atoms + molecules, which cause the atoms + molecules in the air to emit light (the flash of lightning)
-lightning produces sound waves as well as a brilliant flash of light
-the electrical energy in a lightning bolt ripis electrons off atoms in the atmosphere + produces great amounts of heat. the surrounding air temperature can rise to =~ 30,000^oC, severe times hotter than the Sun's surface. the heat causes air in the lightning bolt's path to expand rapidly, producing sound waves that you hear as thunder
-a discharge can occur any time that charge builds up in one area
-providing a path for charge to reach Earth prevents any charge from building up (lightning)
-Earth: neutral object, conductor of charge
-grounding - connecting an object to Earth w/ a conductor
-Electroscopes (underlined)
-electroscope - a device that can detect electric charge
i i
| --> |
|^| /^
-if a negatively charged object touches the knob, electrons will travel down the rod into the leaves. Both leaves become negatively charged as they gain electrons, resulting in them repelling each other
-if a positively charged object touches the knob, the same thing will happen, as both metal leaves will still have the same charge
![]() |
Notes.io is a web-based application for taking notes. You can take your notes and share with others people. If you like taking long notes, notes.io is designed for you. To date, over 8,000,000,000 notes created and continuing...
With notes.io;
- * You can take a note from anywhere and any device with internet connection.
- * You can share the notes in social platforms (YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, instagram etc.).
- * You can quickly share your contents without website, blog and e-mail.
- * You don't need to create any Account to share a note. As you wish you can use quick, easy and best shortened notes with sms, websites, e-mail, or messaging services (WhatsApp, iMessage, Telegram, Signal).
- * Notes.io has fabulous infrastructure design for a short link and allows you to share the note as an easy and understandable link.
Fast: Notes.io is built for speed and performance. You can take a notes quickly and browse your archive.
Easy: Notes.io doesn’t require installation. Just write and share note!
Short: Notes.io’s url just 8 character. You’ll get shorten link of your note when you want to share. (Ex: notes.io/q )
Free: Notes.io works for 12 years and has been free since the day it was started.
You immediately create your first note and start sharing with the ones you wish. If you want to contact us, you can use the following communication channels;
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: http://twitter.com/notesio
Instagram: http://instagram.com/notes.io
Facebook: http://facebook.com/notesio
Regards;
Notes.io Team