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ASH-SHARH AL-MUMTI' ALA ZAD AL-MUSTAQNI' - AL-'UTHAYMEEN
الشرح الممتع على زاد المستقنع ـ العلامة ابن العثيمين
The Excellent Sharh of Zad al-Mustaqni ' of Cheikh al-Uthaymeen. Zad al-Mustani is a famous matn in Hanbali fiqh, Al-Mumti is a detailed explanation of what matn, and the present Sharh here is a comment to this explanation.

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the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “These two [gold and silk] are forbidden for the males of my ummah and permissible for the females.” Narrated by Ibn Maajah, 3640

It is not permissible to wear thin or see-through clothing that does not conceal the ‘awrah.

The ‘awrah of a man is the area between the navel and the knee; as for the navel and the knee themselves, they are not part of the ‘awrah.

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

There are several opinions concerning the matter:

One is that the knee is included in the ‘awrah so it must be covered.

The second opinion is that the navel and the knee are both part of the ‘awrah so they must both be covered.

The third opinion – which is the well-known view among our madhhab – is that the navel and the knee are not included in the ‘awrah, so they do not have to be covered. This is based on the definition of the ‘awrah as being “between the navel and the knee.”

ash-Sharh al-Mumti‘, 2/160

He also said (may Allah have mercy on him): The ‘awrah for a man is the area between the navel and the knee.

ash-Sharh al-Mumti‘, 5/273

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is not permissible for a young man to play football, for example, wearing only shorts that do not reach the knees or that do not reach the navel. It is essential that the area between the navel and the knee be covered in the case of young men.

Liqa’ al-Baab al-Maftooh, no. 73

Based on that, it is permissible to go to the sea wearing clothing that covers the area between the navel and the knee. But if it leaves any part of the thigh or anything lower than the navel uncovered, that is not permissible.

It is haraam to imitate the mushrikeen and kuffaar in their manner of dress, so it is not permissible to wear clothing that is unique to the kuffaar.

It was narrated that ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Aas said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) saw ‘Ali wearing two garments dyed with safflower and said: “These are garments of the kuffaar; do not wear them.”

Narrated by Muslim, 2077.

It is haraam for women to imitate men and men to imitate women in the way they dress, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) cursed the men who imitate women and the women who imitate men.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 5546.

its haraam for the Muslim man to let any garment he wears hang down beneath his ankles (an action known as isbaal); the limit for any garment is the ankles.


Vraag:

Wat behoort tot de ʿAwrah van de man?

Antwoord:

Alle lof zij Allah.

Er zijn vele overleveringen die aanduiden dat de ʿAwrah van de man het gebied tussen de navel en de knie is (de navel en de knie zijn zelf geen onderdeel van de ʿAwrah). Zie al-Madjmoeʿ (boekdeel 3, blz. 173) en al-Moeghnie (boekdeel 2, blz.286). Deze overleveringen geven het volgende aan:

1. ʿAli zei: “De Boodschapper van Allah (vrede zij met hem) zei: “Laat je bovenbeen niet zien, en kijk niet naar de bovenbeen van iemand die levend of dood is.”

(Aboe Daawoed en Ibnoe Maadjah)

2. Moehammad ibn Djahsh zei: “De Profeet (vrede zij met hem) passeerde Maʿmar toen ik bij hem was, en zijn dijen onbedekt waren. Hij (vrede zij met hem) zei: “O Maʿmar, bedek je dijen, want de dij is ʿAwrah.”

(Ahmad)

3. Djawhad al-Aslamie verhaalde dat de Profeet (vrede zij met hem) hem passeerde terwijl zijn bovenbeen onbedekt was, waarna hij (vrede zij met hem) zei: “Weet je niet dat de dij ʿAwrah is?”

(Ahmad, Aboe Daawoed en at-Tirmidhie)

4. Ibn ʿAbbaas overleverde dat de Profeet (vrede zij met hem) zei: “De dij is ʿAwrah.”

(at-Tirmidhie)

Sheikh al-Albaanie zei het volgende over deze overleveringen: “Hoewel de Isnaad (keten van overleveraars) niet helemaal vrij zijn van zwakheden, versterken zij elkaar. Want er bevindt zich geen verhaler onder hen die als wantrouwig kan worden beschouwd. De zwakheid heeft eerder te maken met verwarring en onduidelijkheid. En er zijn soortgelijke overleveringen die men ervan overtuigen dat de overlevering authentiek is, vooral omdat sommige overleveringen als Sahieh werden aangemerkt door al-Haakim, en adh-Dhahabie het met hem eens was. Al-Boekhaarie verhaalde het in een Moeʿallaq overlevering in zijn Sahieh. Maar een aantal van deze ketens geeft de overlevering kracht en verhoogt het tot het niveau van Sahieh. Voornamelijk omdat het vergelijkbare bevestigende overleveringen zijn over hetzelfde onderwerp.”

(al-Irwaa’, boekdeel 1, blz. 297)

Ook al is er enige zwakte te vinden in de ketens van overleveringen omdat er gaten zijn in de keten van overleveraars of er zwakheden te vinden zijn in sommige van de vertellers, ondersteunen zij elkaar niettemin. En wanneer ze als geheel worden genomen leveren zij het vereiste bewijs.

(Fataawa al-Ladjnat ud-Daa’imah, boekdeel 6, blz. 165)

De meerderheid van de geleerden is van mening dat deze overleveringen gevolgd dienen te worden en zij stelden dat de ʿAwrah van een man van de navel tot aan de knie is.

En Allah weet het beste.
     
 
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