Notes

W=F Delta x =(P*A) Delta x=P(A*Delta x)=P*Delta V

A convenient way to visualize these changes in the pressure and volume is by using a Pressure Volume diagram or PV diagram for short, and by "these changes"

Consider a gas sealed in a container with a tightly fitting yet movable piston as seen below. We can do work on the gas by pressing the piston downward, and we can heat up the gas by placing the container over a flame or submerging it in a bath of boiling water. When we subject the gas to these thermodynamics processes, the pressure and volume of the gas can change.

Every point on a PV diagram represents a different state for the gas (one for every possible volume and pressure)

s a gas goes through a thermodynamics process, the state of the gas will shift around in the PV diagram

Being able to decode the information shown in a PV diagram allows us to make statements about the change in internal energy delta U and

heat transferred Q, and work done W on a gas

Unless otherwise specified, we will assume that the work W refers to the work done on the gas.

P*V=N*k_B*T

∝ meaning proportional to

internal energy and temperature are proportional U∝T, So if the temperature increases, the internal energy must also increase.