Notes

AP EXAM REVIEW HEIMLER HISTORY LIVESTREAM #3
Unit 5-6 1750-1900

Theme: revolutions like industrial revolution and imperialism which is expansion of empires
industrial reovlution- 3 main quest- 1.what was it? what were consequences? how did it pave way for later political revolutions?
1- introduction of machines to the manufacturing process. Machines are huge deal because it changed entire world and changed way people thought along with social structures. nationalism grew during this time. colonies became a result of nationalism. it has been biggest change that world ever saw. new tech, new methods of work and new economy made it work. tech like spinning jennuy and waterframe (which was big wheel and put inside moving water then spinning jenny would make cotton textiles and were produced faster) existed. steam engine also helped as it allowed factories to be inland rather than next to rivers. interchangeable parts on guns allowed for more parts to be made and interchange old parts, more quantities was produced than just one person making one thing. bunch of parts made by bunch of people. assembly line yay.
economics in industrial revolution include growth of capitalism. inpiror time, joint stock companies, were early forms of capitalism. adam smith wrote about the systems of capitalism. argue each individual should make own economic decision, invisible hand of the market and how the market responds to specific forces like demand. laissez fair also exist little government intervention and economic decision.
industrial revolt began in England cause it had coal, abundant waterways, cooperative govt. it spreads to mainland Europe, united states, Japan and Russia.
china dynasty and ottoman empire didn't like industrialization caused it equal westernization. forced to industrialized cause they didn't want to get taken over by more powerful things. self strengthening movement occurred in china to keep westerners out and it didn't progress fast enough and products were inferior to western products.
ottoman empire limited adoption of industrialization was tanzimat reforms where it was state sponsor industrialization but ul la mah didn't like it cause embrace westernization is bad. When sultan came, he cancelled it for long time.
2- social consequences include altering society and making social structure like growing working class (factory workers who had 14-16 hours a day), family structure was changed as family don't work together like on a farm, conditions were unsafe for factory workers. more women were employed cause they were payed less than men.
growing middle class were peeps who working in offices, were white collared workers, then there's elite class who own the factories and replaced those who status was linked to their birth, commonly know as bourgeousie.
response to this brutality of workers was rise of labor unions, workers grouped together and barged to get their voices heard, creation of fair minimum wage, and 5 day work week.
karl Marx did communism theory and stated that communism helped cause workers were used by the elite class. it would be a classless society where everyone shared wealth equally, proletariat controlled means of production not the bourgeousie. thinks worker must rise up in violent revolution.
3- enlightenment valued reason and individualism over tradition. religious traditions not as important as reasonable thinking. this creates social contract, natural rights, expansion of franchise. Social contract thought power to govern was in hands of the people. Natural rights all people are given natural rights by god, and they don't come from a king/emperor. this means that emperor/king cannot infringe on rights cause they come from higher place. Gvoernment must protect natural rights.
expansion of the franchise or right to vote. wanted right extended to more people such as underclass men and women. people need a voice through voting.

3 major revolutions- American, french, and Haitian revolution
American revolution, 1776 us rebles against UK cause they felt natural rights were being violated and 1783 they won independence. natural rights,
french overthrow government in France. Cause declaration of the rights of man,
Haiti was colony of France, ideas of liberty, equality and fertnity were big but the Haitians wanted it too. So, they rose up against the government and won independence in 1800s. enslaved population is only one to revolt and succeed

use 4 documents, no quote just paraphrase

Unit 6 Imperialism- expansion of empires
what caused imperialism? what was it and what did it look like? what were the consequences of imperialism?
1- causes include wealth and power of industrial nations grew larger than nations that didn't industrialized, unequal balance of power in world caused them to increase global share of manufacturing and power. qing dynasty and ottoman empires produced manufactured goods but their global share declined like in Egpyt and India who couldn't compete against those in Britain. globalb power shifted to industrialized nations. the result- impulse to imperialism cause they needed raw materials from colonies. Social Darwinism, leaders believed in this cause they related from nature to politics, fittest nations eat weak nations so strongest survive, used it as excuse to conquer weaker nations. they also think they have a duty to civilize the world with their civilizing mission, also exemplified in Richard kipling's poem the white man's burden believed others must need help of them white peeps to become civilized. nationalism sense of pride in one's own people and country. imperialism led to great wealth cause more raw materials were received. they expanded holdings into said, southeast Asia and africa.
2- imperialism is expansion of empires. scramble for Africa as European nations scrambled for Africa to take over specific parts of it. led to intense competition eventually tension created war between African tribes. Berlin conference 1884-1885. countries decided to divide Africa up to give equal share of the European countries who knew very little about African people and all that stuff. no African representatives. imperialism in Asia, as mughal empire declined British took control over India territory and conquered them. British governmental controlled this area. Raj britain
dutch east India company also took over a few islands in southeast Asia, and dutch government took over eventually. japan didn't become colonized, they became colonizers cause Meiji restoration (westernization of japan as they adopted western industrialization and became colonizing power), China affected by economic imperialism, trade rights were wanted by foreign powers, Opium wars happened between brits and china, brits took control of china trade policy.
resistance against this grew also cause of nationalism. western powers colonized south Asia and Americas but nationalism grew from people being conquered, binds them together under foreign power. balkan states were created during this time, near Greece and Serbia. serbians and Greece decided to rise up against ottomans and established own states in 1830's. organized resistance also came as US, imperial power believed it was manifest destiny, constantly pushing west which disrupted natives who lived there. Cherokees decided to push back against them by doing it in US supreme court, they won yay. but American president ignored the law and did it anyway. Ghost dance was also happening during this, natives believed ancestors would rise up and kick colonists out. South Africa had cossa cattle killing movement who killed their own cattle against the British and caused them famine instead oop.
3- cash crop farming as farmers only grew what they could sell for money, not to support or be eaten by their family. cattle ranching became good business cause meat is cool. Guano extraction is bird poo but rich in nutrients and good for farms as fertilizers. cotton to manufacture textiles and rubber used in machines as belt and palm oil lubricated machines. world becomes increasingly connected. Colonial economies weakened by producing cash corps instead of for themselves.

don't try to get complexity point