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Biodiversity is the variety of organisms on Earth or in a particular habitat or ecosystem. A niche is an ecological role that a species plays in an ecosystem. Certain species can impact the biodiversity of an entire ecosystem.
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Arctic tundra ecosystems are an example of an ecosystem where the total number of species is low compared to other types of ecosystems. Tundra ecosystems are fragile ecosystems. A fragile ecosystem is an ecosystem that has low biodiversity.
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Kelp forests are marine ecosystems that are intermediate in biodiversity. Sea otters went extinct in some areas (also called extirpation)
Extirpation is when all of the members of a population in an ecosystem die and the species no longer exists in that place. Extirpation of a population only applies to a population in a particular place, not to the entire planet. Sea otters are an example of a keystone species. A keystone species is a species that affects the biodiversity of an entire ecosystem.
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Summaries:
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The Importance of Biodiversity:
Every ecosystem on Earth is characterized by a natural level of biodiversity. Scientists have described patterns of biodiversity in ecosystems.
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Fragile Tundra Ecosystems Tundra ecosystems:
have low levels of biodiversity. Small changes to populations in tundra ecosystems can have large impacts on populations of other organisms.
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Keystone Species in the Kelp Forest:
The presence of keystone species in an ecosystem affects the biodiversity of the entire ecosystem.
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Many Niches in Tropical Rainforests:
Tropical rainforest ecosystems support many species with specialized niches.
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Humans Benefit from Biodiversity:
Scientists are still discovering new species, some of which could help humans.
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Engineering a Super Bandage:
Using the results of tests as a guide, engineers combined the solutions inspired by two species to come up with a design for a bandage that meets all of their criteria for success.
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