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Biodiversity is the variety of organisms on Earth or in a particular habitat or ecosystem. A niche is an ecological role that a species plays in an ecosystem. Certain species can impact the biodiversity of an entire ecosystem.
Arctic tundra ecosystems are an example of an ecosystem where the total number of species is low compared to other types of ecosystems. Tundra ecosystems are fragile ecosystems. A fragile ecosystem is an ecosystem that has low biodiversity.
Kelp forests are marine ecosystems that are intermediate in biodiversity. Sea otters went extinct in some areas (also called extirpation)
Extirpation is when all of the members of a population in an ecosystem die and the species no longer exists in that place. Extirpation of a population only applies to a population in a particular place, not to the entire planet. Sea otters are an example of a keystone species. A keystone species is a species that affects the biodiversity of an entire ecosystem.
Summaries:
The Importance of Biodiversity:
Every ecosystem on Earth is characterized by a natural level of biodiversity. Scientists have described patterns of biodiversity in ecosystems.
Fragile Tundra Ecosystems Tundra ecosystems:
have low levels of biodiversity. Small changes to populations in tundra ecosystems can have large impacts on populations of other organisms.
Keystone Species in the Kelp Forest:
The presence of keystone species in an ecosystem affects the biodiversity of the entire ecosystem.
Many Niches in Tropical Rainforests:
Tropical rainforest ecosystems support many species with specialized niches.
Humans Benefit from Biodiversity:
Scientists are still discovering new species, some of which could help humans.
Engineering a Super Bandage:
Using the results of tests as a guide, engineers combined the solutions inspired by two species to come up with a design for a bandage that meets all of their criteria for success.
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