Notes

Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
A chemical is any substance that has a definite composition or is used or produced in a chemical process.
Basic research is carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge. Applied research is carried out to solve practical problems. Technological development involves the use of existing knowledge to make life easier or more convenient.
All matter has mass and takes up space. Mass is one measure of the amount of matter.
Chemical properties refer to a substance's ability to undergo changes that alter its composition or identity.
An element is composed of one kind of atom. Compounds are made from two or more elements in fixed proportions.
All substances have characteristic properties that enable chemists to tell the substances apart and to separate the substances.
Physical changes do not involve changes in identity of a substance.
BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
- organic chemistry: study of carbon- containing compounds
- biochemistry: study of substances and processes occuring in living things
-inorganic chemistry: study of non- organic substances, many of which organic fragments bond to metal
APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF CHEMISTRY
- physical chemistry: study of substances and processes and changes of matter and relation of energy
- analytical chemistry: identification of components and composition of materials
- theoretical chemistry: the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compouds
3 TYPES OF RESEARCH
- basic: carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge and how and why a specific reaction occurs
- applied: carried out to solve a problem
- technological development: production and use of products to improve our quality of life. (cars, computers etc)
Chemistry is a physical science

Gravimetric methods: measurments based on accurate precise mass measurements
Chromatography: technique used to separate dissolved substances
Volumetric analysis: quantitive determination of a substance, achieved by adding a substance of known concentration until a reaction is complete.
chemistry
Calorimetry: Measurement of the transfer of heat
chemical: substance with definite chemical composition
mass:
matter: anything that has mass and can take up space
atom: is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
element: a pure substance made out of only one kind of atom
compound: substance that is made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
extensive property: depends on the amount of matter present
intensive property: does not depend on amount of matter present
physical property: characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
physical change: A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity
of the substance
change of state: change of substance from one state to another
solid: definite volume, definite shape
liquid: definite volume definite shape
gas: neither definite volume nor shape
plasma: high- temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms.
chemical property: substances ability to undergo chances that transform it into different substances
chemical change: change where one or more substances are converted into different substances
reactants: substances that react in a chemical change
products: substances taht are formed by a chemical reaction
mixture: blend of two or more kind of matter
homogenous: uniform in composition
solutions: homogenous mixtures
heterogenous: not uniform composition
pure substance: fixed composition and differs from a mixture
a. every sample given of a pure substance have the same characteristic properties
b. every sample of a given pure substance has exactlythe same composition
A pure substance can be an element or a compound
Mixture's can contain more than two or three
The three major states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Changes of state, such as melting and boiling, are physical changes.
In a chemical change—or a chemical reaction—the identity of the substance changes.
Energy changes accompany physical and chemical changes. Energy may be released or absorbed, but it is neither created nor destroyed.
Matter can be classified into mixtures and pure substances.chemical change
chemical reaction