Notes

Genome has : Somatic (chrmsm 1->22) or gamete / germline

23 pairs from each parent

23rd is for either Male or female (sex chrmsm)

Ugly arrangement of chromosomes turned into numbered organised chromosomes )”they’re like our children number 1 is tall and 2 is blah blah£

DNA unpacked / uncoiled = reach to the moon and back


Inherited ?Recessive inheritance. if doesn’t affect baby’s parents.
Baby is contracted cannot open baby it’s folded like in the womb.

If gene mutated histone problem .
DNA wrapped around his tone and then then?? , nucleosome (DNA with?) would be slenoide packed in lobes and scoffled with nucleus ? More packing would be ...

Mitochondrien chromosome is only maternal why? Because sperm head is the only part left when entering ovum (discarded neck and tail is what has the mitochondria)

*some aren’t maternal in other cases (learn that later)

Cell division types mitosis (46-> 23 + 23) and meiosis (only in cell of germline/ sex cells, sperm and ovum)
If you get cut no repair if not cell division and replication blah

somatic 2n = 2*23

We start as zygote (diploid 2n = 46)

47 chromosomes, xxy = Y MALE =
47 chromosomes, xy 21 (extra chromosome at 21) Down syndrome

Cell cycle guarded by checkpoints
Apototis programmed death .

*** CHECK POINT ATTENDANCE 09:24 *** it was sudden prepare it next time
^she probably did that to make the checkpoint STICK


———-
chromatid specialised repetitive DNA , or sequence

Chromosome is all DNA but in some place TELOMERS?!

telomere is like the plastic or thick end of shoe laces

At what phase (S?)
Content of cell double 2x diploid ? ( why? To divide them)

“At the end you’ll be amoeba if we keep dividing without doubling “amoeba is funny


Prophase centromeres with each other and then to pole?

Examine chromosome which phase is better to check? METAPHASE and PROMETA PHASE ?
Meta ميت lying down dead

NOTHING IN INTERPHASE “oh this patient has no chromosomes)

ANAPHASE انا me alone = separate

Telophase (Latin: telo = far) go away?!

Cytoplasm gets divided by process cytokinase

VISIBLE NOT AT ANA NOT INTER , VISIBLE AT META PROMETA

:-:-;-;-(/;/;-;-(-(-;-(/(/(/(/(2(1;-;/(2(-(-(-(-(-(-)/(:(:(/)/)/)-)-)/(/(-)
CHRSMS IDENTIFY LENGTH AND LOCATION OF CENTROMERE

1 IS LONGEST ( SHORT ARM P = PETIT) (q is after p, queue in french is QUEUE)
21 IS SHORTEST

Dark and light band , g banding
They need to be clear to get counted

XY (centromere location difference and length)
(Exactly each other XX is female)

Meiosis has recombination
(during meiosis I the sum of chromosomes go to other chromosomes , crossover)


CROSSING OVER IN PROPHASE IN MEIOSIS I

ANAPHASE TWO MEMBRNS SEPERAGE CENTOMERE GOES TO OPP POLE
TELOPHASE GO FURTHER AND FURTHER


MEIOSIS II IS SIMILAR TO MEITOSIS EXCEPT ITS HAPLOID

END OF MITOSIS END WITH NUMBER 21?

Why need to decrease from diploid to haploid (46+46= 192)

Flies mosquitos strawberries have many chromosomes
- so they don’t go through division?

69 = 3n . Triploid

69, XXX


Meiosis goes wrong (in Down syndrome too)