Notes

hylin cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrous cartiglage
articulate cartilage surround bone pericondulum
hylin cartilage-looks like glass; very small lecunae to matrix ratio, looks white becasue it doesn't stain, no fibers smooth, hold a lot of water and resists conpression, attach rib to sternum

elastic hartilage- elastic fibers to bend better than hylin,epihlottis and outer ear

fibrous cartilage:ligametns resists tension and compression;very dense; a lot of lcunae per matrix; thich collagen fibrals, spinal column and misnus of the knee

apposition growth; perisontium will produce;inner oldest
intersitial growth; inside out; insdie newewst

calcification and ossfication

bone has a cellular matrix interlaced with mineral, bone tissue is 65 percent hydroxl salts
collagen provide tension strength and mineral porvide conpress strength
neither good for torsional force

osteoblast(make bone matrix, secretes osteoids), and osteoclast(derved from WBC; secrete HCL),
osteogeneic cells: make osteoblast
osteoblase becomes osteocyte once it is surrounded
long bone,
short bone are cube shaped
sesemoid bone; shaped like sesame seeds occur WI tendon, help reduce friction in tendion

Flat bone- sternum and plates of skull
irregualr bone

spongy bone(trebecular bone filled with yellow or red marrow) and compact bone

bone are vasculated unlike cartilage;
medulary cavity; marrow cavity
covered by periosteum inside has its own membrane
peristeum has nerves and blood vessels
perforation collagen bundles
ensoteum cover sthte tribecuale themselves

flat interal structure: also techloe, flat bones resiste the body weight; weight on edge instead of center

projections(attachment site)
perosfisis
depressions and opening

volkman channels; run inbetween teh osteons; peforating canals; diagnonal bands of collagen to resist twistng force

spongy bones have layer of lamella; not blood vessels

osteogenesis: ossfication(mineralzation of bone); bone can convert other tissue into bone
before week 8 human skeleton is only hylin cartilag
intramembronous ossification- bones of teh skull calvicals, whoven bone tissue, tirbuculae are netweorked, lack lamellae, mesochyme condeses and becomes periosteium, tribecuale becomes thicker

endochondrail- begins with rod of hylin cartilage, bone collar form around center the perice of cartilage, primary ossifation center, fully detrerioate cartilage matrix and begin to form tribecule, primary center is firmed from chondrocytes enlaggring but then dies and leave cavitiyes accoupied by osteocytees; more centers form in epihysal region, center of bone break down to form cavity,

epiphsial plate
quisent zone-ossified cells but go away
perliferation zone- extend length on bone
hypotropic zone- enlarge to promte ossifaction zone
ossifaction zone- dead cell ossifying
can predict height

Condrialplasa

bones widen at the same rate by apositional bone; inner tissue breaks into spongy bone
bone remodeling- adjacent groups of osteoB anf osteoC maintain bone constant
mesenchyme cells will form more osteoblasts
osteoclast are derived from blood cells; constant remodeling of bone

patit disease
lot of immature bone wi compact bone; sft and weak bones; osteoblasts will outpast osteoclast

boens thicken or lose due to stress put on them

fracture
-simple: bone doesn't peirce throght the skin
-compound :pierce thorught the skin

reduction: realign by breaking bone
open reduction: wirw boen back together
immoblize in cast

1. hematoma formation: clot around the break of the bone, immflammation;firbocarinalou calice, firbous granualr tissue; turn into hylin catialge, becomes bony calice, 2 month firm, remake of medulary cavity

osteomalacia

ricketts-lack of vitamin D