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Epimerler: 2. carbon mannoz ve 4. carbon galaktoz
Karbonhidratların sindirimi ağızda başlar ( alfa amilaz : ağızda ve pankreaste ürtilir ) örnek: nişasta
Amino asitlerin genel karbon iskeletinde : Amino=Baz.Karboksil=Asit.Radikal(yan zincir) vardır.
Ana iskeletteki karbon kiral(asimetrik).
Amino asitlerde asimetrik karbon içermeyen glisin.Karbonhidratlarda dihidroksi aseton.
Karbonhidratların sınıflandırılması:Monosakkatir.Disakkarit.Oligosakkarit.Polisakkarit.
Glikoz+Glikoz=Maltoz---Glikoz+Galaktoz=Laktoz---Glikoz+Fruktoz=Sükroz
Amino asitler tampon görevi görür.
Yeni doğanlarda:Fenilalanın. Tirozin . Triptofan 'lara bakılır.
Lipoproteinler:Şilomikron.VLDL.LDL.HDL
Triglisertitten zengin:Şilomikron ve VLDL
Kolesterolden zengin:LDL
Proteinden zengin:HDL
Proteinler sentezden sonra yapısal değişikliğe uğruyorsa: Post translosyonel modifikasyon.
Bunlara örnek: Kollajen.Elastin.Miyozin.Desmozin.
Uğramayanlar ise:Albümin
Sterol halkası içeren lipitler: D vitamini . Kolesterol . Safra asidi . Steroid hormon
Steroid hormonlar: Glikokortikoidler(Aldosteron) . Mineralokortikoid(Kortizol).
ve testesteron.östrojen.progesteron.
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