Notes

Hartford Convention
-Federalist grievances: wanted to protect new England from the growing influence of South and West
-Hartford convention-maked the death of the federalist party

Impact of War
-showed other nations around the world that America would defend its beliefs
-independence confirmed and respected
-heightened nationalism
-army and navy expanded
-Bank of the united States wa reveived by Congress in 1816
-War Heros: Andrew Jackson


Era of Good Feelings
-James Monroe- elected president in 1816
-last of founding fathers
-last of Virginia dynasty
-Era of Good Feelings
-one political party
-how was it an era of good feelings?
Issues: Tariff, bank, internal improvements, sectionalism, slavery, panic of 1819

Westward expansion
-reasons?
-Over-cultivation
-slave owners
-the land act of 1820
-with expanding borders came public debates about whether to expand and how to define/ use new territories

Aquisition of Land
-American acquisition of lands in the West gave rise to a contest over extension of slavery into the western territores
-after the louisiana purchase, the drive to acquire new lands led to US seeking influence over NA and the Western Hemisphere

Missouri Compromise
-Tallmadge Amendment
-Henry Clay
-Admit Missouri as a slave state in 1820
-maine admitted as a free state
-12 slave states and 12 free states
-The missouri compromise- forbade slavery in the remaining territories in the Louisiana Territiry north of the line 36 30'
-only tmeporarily stemmed growing tensions betwenn opponenets and defenders of slavery

Florida
-Revolutions in SA forced Spain to take troops out of Florida
-General Andrew Jackon sent to Oregon in exchange for America's abandonment of claims to Texas

Monroe and his Doctrine
-Monroe Doctrine(1823)- stern warning to the European powers to stay out of Western Hemisphere
-non colonization and nonintervention
Effect of MD
-nationalism
US as a dominant power in Western Hemisphere

Sectionalism grows
-West: new canals and roads into western territories
-native born white citizens relocated westward
-North east:Migrants from Europe increased population in East and Midwest
-forged strong bonds of interdependence between the North and old norhthwest
-South: remained politically,culturally and ideologically distinct from other sections
-continured to rely on Europe for economic growth

Government funded roads
-legislation and judicial systems supported yhe development of roads
-extended and enlarged markets
-government helped finance a national road

Corrupt Bargain
-Election of 1824
-4 candidates:Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, aand Henry Clay
-DR
-No candidate won the majority of the votes
-decision went to H of R
-Henry Clay encouraged members to vote for Adamds
-Clay becomes Sec. of State
-Corrupt Bargain because Jackson received most electoral and pop. votes

John Q Adams
-Fewer than 1/3 of voters had voted for him
-one of the most successful secretaries of state, least successful presidents
-lack of support from Congress
-nationalist

Election of 1828
-2 parties
-National Republican-Adams and Clay
-DR JAckosn
-mudslinging
-jackson portrayed as a hero and frontiersmen/ common man
-Admas portrayed as corrupt aristocrat
-Jackson won both pop. and electoral votes
-Jackson's support- S and W
-Adam's support-N
# of voter 4x since 1824
-some states took away property requirements for voting
-all white males could vote
-Jackson: "vote for us if you think that people should govern

"Old Hickory as President
-first president from west
-first nominated at formal party convention
-second w/o college education(Washington)
-frontier aristocrat
-owned slaves
-era of Common Man
-expanded power and prestrige of presidency
-democrats replaced most of the current office holders with their own
-"spoils" system" - rewarding supporters w/ jobs in office
-cemented party loyalty

Burying the Bank-jackson withdrew federal funds and placed money in pet banks
-contributed to panic of 1837
-Nicholas Biddle

Whig Party
-DR became the democrats
-"King Andrew"
-Whigs
-opposed monarchy
-formed in direct opposition to Jackson
-Claimed to be defendrs of common man
-declared democrats corrupt

Second Party System
-Democrts: led by Andrew Jackson
Whigs: led by Henry Clay
-Regional interest(slavery/economical policy
-disagreed about:
role powers of federal government
-national bank
-tariff
-federally funded internal improvement

John C. Calhoun
-Vice President
-tariff was unfair and should be nullified in states
-theory of nullification
goes further than the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Nullification Crisis
-Tariff of 1833 called for gradual reduction of the Tariff of 1832 by about 10% over 10 years
-compromise of 1833
-Henry Clay

American System
-Henry Clay planned to unify the US economy
-three main parts
-strong banking system easy and abundnt credit?
-Protective Tariff:easter manufacutring
Generated debates over such tariffs

Election of 1836
-Democratic Candidate Martin Van Buren
-Several Whigs leading was William Henry Harrison
-MVB became 8th president
-success due to economic boom
-railroads/canals
-credit/money
-land business

Panic of 1837
-Causes:
Over speculation ,crop failure
European panics
jacksonian finance
specie circular(gold or silver coins or currency securely banked by gold or silver
-pet banks
-banks collapsed pirces dripped,
unemployment rose and sale of public land increased?