Notes

Neolithic Revolution (10,000 - 6,000 B.C.E.)
People were nomadic before this revolution
Neolithic revolution introduced settled farming
domesticated plants and animals
this revolution allowed for the birth of cities and then civilizations

Subsistence Farming is where people produce enough food for them to survive.

Polytheism is the belief in many gods or more than one god

Monotheism is the belief in one god and that a divine presence is in a lot of things, and almost all objects

Judaism, Christianity and Islam are all monotheistic

Islam is monotheistic and Allah is the one true God
Practices the five pillars of Faith: faith prayers, alms, fasting and pilgrimage
According to Islam, Muhammad was the prophet through whom God revealed his final message.

Muslim contributions to medicine: first public hospital, encyclopedia of drugs, description of diseases and other

Effects of the Trans Saharan Trade
- Spreading Islam
- bringing Economic Growth
- Increasing the gold and salt trade
- Spread the Arabic language

Defeat of the Aztec
- One of the reasons the Spanish were able to defeat the Aztecs was Cortes developed alliances with the enemies of the Aztec.
- Spread of disease and biological warfare.

The Inca
- Located in modern day Peru
- One of the early Latin American civilizations
- Used Quipu as a system of record keeping
- Build cities in mountains
- Created and used terrace farming
- Incas believed all leaders were descendants of the Sun God.

Reunification of China
- After the breakup of the Han dynasty, China became unified again because of the establishment of a central government.

China invited paper money, gunpowder, the compass

The samurai in Medieval Japan was the military.

Feudalism - the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

Feudalism in europe developed out of a need for protection and stability.
In the medieval period, the Catholic Church and monarchs often conflicted over power.

The Catholic Church founded universities, created religious orders, preserved the Latin language and texts.

Magna carta is one of the first documents to protect the rights of the people
Charter of rights agreed to by King John of England (Chief Embodiment of English Common Law for centuries)
Influence on the future governments (ie: the Bill of Rights of the US constitution)

The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims
Started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups
bloody, violent and often ruthless
One result of increased contact between Europeans and other cultures during the Crusades was the transfer of knowledge of science and medicine from the Islamic world to Europe.