Notes

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connective tissues
bind and support
protect
insulate
store reserved energy
transport substance

types of cells which could be located in connective tissue matrix -
neutrophils- first line of defense of white blood cells (WBC or granulocyte) 40-60% of white blood cells. Normal 2500 and 7500 neutrophils per microliter of blood. Produced by bone marrow which are attracted to chemokines produced by damaged cells in a processed called chemotaxis. [common 2-5 lobes attached in nucleus with clear cytoplasm]
monocyte-largest type of leukocyte, white blood cells. Formed in the bone marrow originally. Can differentiate into macrophages and myeloid lineage dendritic cells. Have of monocytes are stored in the spleen. Three forms (CD14++ CD16− monocyte)(CD14+CD16++ monocyte)(CD14++CD16+ monocytes). about 3-8% of leukocytes within blood. LAst for about three days before they differentiate[have non granulated transparent cytoplasm with a unilobar nuclei]

lymphocyte- Another white blood cell that is made in the bone marrow. THe main type is B lymphocytes which make antibodies and T lymphocytes which help kill tumors cells and help control immune reponses. Found in the blood and lymph tissue.[bigger nucleus with low volume of cytoplasm]

eosinophil- Another white blood cell. often indicates parasitic infection, allergic reaction, or cancer. Higher then 500 eosinophils per microliter than eosinophilia higher than 1500 for more than several months then hypereosinophilia.[likely for 2-5 nuclei lobes with cytoplasm highly granulated]

basophil- white blood cell created in the bone marrow. Contain heparin and prevent blood clotting and release histamine during allergic reactions. Thought to produce antibodies called immunoglobin E, it then binds to mast cells and basophils which once binded release histamines and serotonin. Less than 3% and normal to have 0 to 300 basophiles per microliter.[unilobar nuclei with granules]

macrophage-enguld and digest cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that doesnt present the right protein bio-markers for a healthy body. Found in all tissues. Many types within the mononuclear phagocyte system. Can release cytokines in response to the immune reaction. Will stay in locastions such as lungs, liver, neural tissue, bone, spleen and connective tissue. Within inflammation, itll digest the aged neutrophils. [Large cytoplasm with one nuclei not fixed]

erythrocyte- Contain the red pigment hemoglobin which allows transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide from the tissue. Produced by bone marrow and circulate for 100-120 days in the body and can circulate the body in 60 s. A quarter of cells are red blood cells in our body and 40 to 45 percent of the blood's volume is red blood cells. [bioconcave disk with no nucleus]
four sub categories

platelets- tiny blood cells which form clots to stop bleeding, if a blood vessel gets damaged, the platelets are signaled. Also made in the bone marrow. Live for 8-10 days. 150,000 to 450,000 is the normal count per microliter of blood. [look like tiny plates and grow sticky tentacles to stick adhere to other platelets]

mast cells- resident cell of connective tissue containing many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Type of granulocyte associated to the neuroimmune system.Although best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, mast cells play an important protective role as well, being intimately involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, immune tolerance, defense against pathogens, and blood–brain barrier function [similar to basophil, although instead if having a lobated nuclei, the mast cells has it round]

1-connective proper:
loose: areolar(network of collagen, elastic tissue, and reticular fibers)[universal packing material between cells and other tissues, functions include support and binding of other tissue, also helps against infection by soaking up the excess liquid in the nearby tissue like a sponge and the affected area swells and is puffy, this is called edema],
adipose (fat tissue)[adipocytes consist of 80% fat. Stores energy as lipids for its main role, but can insulate or and cushion certain parts of the body. Either we have white adipose tissue or brown adipose tissue. Found in specific locations as adipose depots],
reticular (fine network or netlike sturcture)[found in certain certain sites within the internal framework, found suppoting lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. Resembles the areolar but only has reticular fibers]
dense: dense regular(closely packed bundles of collagen fibers)[slightly wavy and stretch a bit. Have the tensile strength of collagen and forms tendons, aponeurosis, and ligaments. Forms the fascia which wraps around muscles, blood vessels, and nerves], dense irregular(same material as dense regular but thicker and arranged irregularly)[found where tension is exerted in many different directions, part of the skin dermis area and in the joint capsules in the limbs], and elastic(fibers are elastic in nature)[especially seen in the arterial blood vessels and the bronchial tubes]


adipose tissue is located below the skin(subcutaneous fat), around internal organs(visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow), and in breast tissue

cartilage - dense and non-vascular connective tissue and can be found at the end of joints, and between the joints in the ribcage, the ear, nose, in throat, the elbow, the knee, ankle, bronchial tubes, and between intervertebral disk. It is flexible and made up of chondroblasts cells. Cartilage does not have blood vessels going through much like the other connective tissues.
types:
elastic cartilage(much like hyaline but more elastic)[found in external ear known as an auricle and the epiglottis-found in the throat above the larynx*],
hyaline cartilage(appears transparent or flassy, provides strong support while providing pads for shock absorption)[most abundant. It is the major part of the embryonic skeleton, costal cartilages of the ribs, and the cartilage of the nose, trache, and larynx],
and fibrocartilage(mix of hyaline and dense regular connective tissue)[found where strong support is needed such as the intervertebral discs of the bony vertbrae and knee meniscus].

bone- also known as osseous tissue and relatively hard and lightweight in nature. High compressive strength but poor tensile and shear stress strength. The interior is the trabecular bone tissue which is a porous network also called cancellous or spongy bone(formed of calcium phosphate in the chemical arrangement calcium hydroxyapatite giving its rigidity. Outer layer is compact bone tissue due to its minimal gaps and spaces with porosity is 5-30% and it gives the bones its smooth , white, and solid appearance. Amounting to 80% of the total bone mass of an adult skeleton. The inner bone is composed of a network of rod and plate-like elements that make the overall organ lighter and allow for room for blood vessels and marrow)

blood- a specialized form of connective tissue. Blood delivers substances such as nutrients and oxygen to cells and transports metabolic waste from those cells. (an atypical connective tissue since it does not bind, connect, or network with any body cells. It is made of blood cells and surrounded by a non-living fluid called plasma)