Notes

#Korean Lesson 1
Vowels
ㅏ = a
ㅑ= ya
ㅓ = eo
ㅕ = yeo
ㅗ = o
ㅛ = yo
ㅜ = u
ㅠ = yu
ㅡ = eu
ㅣ = i
ㅐ = ae
ㅒ = yae
ㅔ = e
ㅖ = ye
ㅘ = wa
ㅙ = wae
ㅚ = oe
ㅝ = wo
ㅞ = we
ㅟ = wi
ㅢ = ui

Consonants
ㄱ = g/k
ㄴ = n
ㄷ = d/t
ㄹ = r/l
ㅁ = m
ㅂ = p/b
ㅅ = s
ㅇ = ng
ㅈ = j
ㅊ = ch
ㅋ = k
ㅌ = t
ㅍ = p
ㅎ = h
ㅃ = pp
ㅆ = ss
ㅉ = jj
ㄸ = tt
ㄲ = kk

#Korean lesson 2

Why you shouldnt use direct translation

You are welcome = 천만에요
although the word exists, it is almost never used in Korean. Throw around 천만에요’s around and you are likely to get blank stares. A more common response is a simple ‘네’ which means yes
A longer 네~ is more polite



#Korean lesson 3
Basic sentences in Korean

안녕하세요
hello

좋은 아침 이에요
Good morning

잘 가요
Goodbye

저 기요
Excuse me

잘 지냈어요?
How are you?

감사합니다
Thank you

사랑해요
I love you

정말요?
Really?

죄송합니다
Sorry

반가와요
Nice to meet you

대단해요
Awesome!

얼마예요?
How much is it?



#Korean lesson 4

Talking about music in Korean

-가장 좋아하는 노래는 ~ 이에요/예요.
(Gajang joahaneun noraeneun ~ieyo/yeyo)
My favorite song is ~.

-가장 좋아하는 가수는 ~ 이에요/예요.
(Gajang joahaneun gasuneun ~ieyo/yeyo)
My favorite singer is ~.

-음악을 좋아해요.
(Eumageul joahaeyo)
I love music.

-노래를 굉장히 잘 불러요.
(Noraereul geongjanghi jal bulleoyo)
I can sing very well.

-이 노래를 좋아해요.
(I noraereul joahaeyo)
I like this song.



#Korean lesson 5

Giving and asking for directions in Korean

~어디에요?
(~eodi eyo?)
Where is~?

환전소가 어디에요?
(Hwanjeonsoga eodi eyo?)
Where is the currency exchange?

지하철역이 어디에요?
(Jihacheol yeok-i eodi eyo?)
Where is the train station?

왼쪽으로 가세요 (oenjjokeuro gaseyo)
Turn left.
 
오른쪽으로 가세요 (oreunjjokeuro gaseyo)
Turn right.
 
직진하세요  (jikjinhaseyo)
Go straight.
 
If you want to be more specific, you can use the suffix -에서 (eseo) to specify where to turn left or right.
 
For example:
사거리에서 왼쪽으로 가세요. (sageorieseo oenjjokeuro gaseyo.)
At the intersection, turn left.



#Korean lesson 6
Phrases for your first encounter in Korean


‘만나서 반가워요’ / ‘반가워요’
(Mannaseo bangawoyo) / (bangawoyo)
Nite to meet you.

‘어디에서 왔어요?’
(Eodieseo wasseoyo)
Where are you from?

‘이름이 뭐예요?’
(Ireumi mwoyeyo)
What’s your name?

‘한국어를 할 수 있어요?’
(Hangugeoleul hal su isseoyo)
Do you speak Korean?

‘한국어 조금 할 수 있어요’
(Hangugeo jogeum hal su isseoyo)
I can speak Korean a little.



#Korean lesson 7

안녕히 계세요
(Annyeonghi gyeseyo)
Goodbye[Stay well].

안녕히 가세요
(Annyeonghi gaseyo)
Goodbye[Go well].

모르겠어요
(Moreugesseoyo)
I do not know.

감사합니다
(Gamsahamnida)
Thank you.

잠깐만 기다려 주세요
(Jamkkanman gidaryeo juseyo)
Wait a moment please.

죄송해요 / 죄송합니다
(Joesonghaeyo) / (joesonghamnida)
Sorry.

미안해요 / 미안합니다
(Mianhaeyo) / (mianhamnida)
Sorry.

알겠습니다
(Algetsseumnida)
I understand.

For example
저는 스포츠 를 좋아합니다
저는 수영을 사랑합니다
The 를 is object marker that comes after an object ends with a vowel
The 을 comes after an object ends with consonant



#Korean lesson 8
Months and seasons in Korean

Months:

일월
(Irwol)
January

이월
(Iwol)
February

삼월
(Samwol)
March

사월
(Sawol)
April

오월
(Owol)
May

유월
(Yuwol)
June

칠월
(Chirwol)
July

팔월
(Parwol)
August

구월
(Guwol)
September

시월
(Siwol)
October

십일월
(Sibirwol)
November

십이월
(Sibiwol)
December


Seasons:

봄
(Bom)
Spring

여름
(Yeo-reum)
Summer

가을
(Ka-eul)
Fall/Autumn

겨울
(Kyeo-ul)
Winter



#Korean lesson 9
Texting slangs in Korean

ㅋㅋ *laughing
ㅠㅠ *crying
ㅎㅎ *haha
ㅇㅇ *yes
ㅉ ㅉ *tsk tsk
ㅇㅋ *okay
ㄱㅅ *thank you
ㅊㅋ *congratulations
ㄴㄴ *no
ㅈㅅ *sorry
ㄱㄷ *wait
ㄱ ㄱ *gogo
ㅂ ㅂ *bye bye
ㄷ ㄷ *shivers
ㅅㄱ *good job



#Korean lesson 10
Money: Reading prices

1.Read prices using the Shino-Korean numbers:

1
일
(il)

2
이
(i)

3
삼
(sam)

4
사
(sa)

5
오
(o)

6
육
(yuk)

7
칠
(chil)

8
팔
(pal)

9
구
(ku)

10
십
(ship)

2.Reading money in Korean:

10:
십
(ship)

100:
백
(baek)

1,000:
천
(cheon)

10,000
만
(man)

100,000
십만
(shipman)

1,000,000
백만
(baek-man)


10,000,000
천만
(cheon-man)


*won: 원*


Notes:
When you read those numbers, you don’t read 일(il) unless its at the end of the number

For example:

111원
Is
백십일원

Because 백 is already 100 and 십 is already 10

You don’t write 111 as 일백일십일 like all the other numbers ❌

백=100
십=10
일=1
백십일=111

If you want to read 3248:
3(삼) as 3000 is 삼천
2(이) as 200 is 이백
4(사) as 40 is 사십
8(팔) is 팔
So the full amount is:
삼천이백사십팔

1.Shino-Korean numbers & 2.Money in Korean= the full amount

Another example:
삼(3) and 십(10) = 삼십(30)
삼(3) and 만(10,000) = 삼만(30,000)



All thanks to 임대한 for helping.



#Korean lesson 11
School subjects and jobs

School subjects:

수학
Math

지리학
Geography

역사
History

화학
Chemistry

물리학
Physics

생물학
Biology

미술
Art

음악
Music


Jobs:

농부
Farmer

제화공
Shoemaker

이발사
Barber

영업 사원
Salesperson

사무원
Clerk

정원사
Gardener

변호사
Lawyer

디자이너
Designer

엔지니어
Engineer

전기 기사
Electrician



#Korean lesson 12
HOMONYMS

눈 (nun) = eye or snow

배 (bae) = pear or ship or stomach/abdomen

팔 (pal) = eight or arm

말 (mal) = words or horse or end

밤 (bam) = chestnut or night

사과 (sa-gwa) = apple or apology (This is why some Koreans apologize with an apple!)

일 (il) = one or work or day

다리 (da-ri) = leg or bridge

달 (dal) = moon or month (the two are related)

해 (hae) = sun or year (the two are related)

쓰다 (sseu-da) = to write or to use or to wear (hat, glasses) or to be bitter

반 (ban) = half or group (like a class)

병 (byeong) = bottle or disease

살 (sal) = age or flesh

새 (sae) = bird or new

타다 (ta-da) = to ride or to burn

가구 (ga-gu) = furniture or family (가족 (ga-jok) is the more common way of saying ‘family’)

시 (shi) = o’clock or city or poem

시장 (shi-jang) = market or mayor

신부 (shin-bu) = bride or Catholic priest

이 (i) = this or two or tooth

저 (jeo) = that or I (formal)

개 (gae) = dog or unit/piece (counter used for things)

팬 (paen) = fan or pan (As you may know, there is no letter that represents the ‘f’ sound in hangeul, so the f in English words are often replaced with a ‘p’ sound – 포크 po-keu (fork), 프랑스 peu-rang-seu (France) are other examples.)

초 (cho) = second (time) or candle



#Korean lesson 13
Body parts and 5 Senses



•Body parts:
머리
(meori)
Hair/Head

논
(nun)
Eye

볼
(bol)
Cheek

코
(ko)
Nose

입
(ip)
Mouth

혀
(hyeo)
Tongue

턱
(teok)
Chin

목
(mok)
Neck

손
(son)
Hand(s)

가슴
(gaseum)
Chest

발
(bal)
Foot

다리
(dari)
Leg(s)

배
(bae)
Stomach

어깨
(eokkae)
Shoulder(s)

귀
(gwi)
Ear(s)

얼굴
(eolgul)
Face

손가락
(songarak)
Finger(s)

등
(deung)
Back

허리
(heori)
Waist

무릎
(mureup)
Knee(s)

발가락
(balgarak)
Toe(s)


•5 Senses:

미각
(migak)
Taste

시각
(sigak)
Sight

청각
(cheonggak)
Hearing

촉각
(chokgak)
Touch

후각
(hugak)
Smell



#Korean lesson 14

Twinkling or glittering: 반짝반짝

Heart throbbing: 두근두근

Streaming or dripping water: 주룩주룩

Thump noises: 쿵쿵

Blazing hot sun: 쨍쨍

Gentle soft breeze: 솔솔

Soft and chewy food: 말랑말랑

Moving up and down: 들썩들썩

Cringe: 오글오글

Sneaking in: 살금살금



#Korean lesson 15
ENCOURAGING WORDS

Persevere! (cheer):화이팅!

Cheer up: 힘내세요

Don’t give up: 포기 하지마세요

Don’t worry: 걱정 하지마세요

It’s OK: 괜찮아요

You can do it!: 잘할 수 있어요!



#Korean lesson 16
Talking about your residence in Korean and 8 common words


•Residence:

건물
Building

아바트
Apartment

집
House

마당
Yard

고층 건물
Skyscraper

층
Floor

엘리베이터
Elevator


•Furnitures:

가구
Furniture

식탁
Table

의자
Chair

책장
Bookshelf

침대
Bed

침실용 탁자
Nightstand

소파
Sofa

서랍장
Dresser


•8 common words:

큰
Big

작은
Small

긴
Long

짧은
Short

좋은
Good

나쁜
Bad

차가운
Cold

더운
Hot



#Korean Lesson 17
Grammar

~었/았어야 했는데 is used to express regret about past events (one should have done this instead of that or it should have been like this instead of that), and we would usually also add what may or may not have happened if those past events had or had not occurred.

Examples:

어제 동물원에 갔을 때 날씨가 좋았어야 했는데 비가 와서 구경을 잘 못 했고 입장비도 낭비되었어.
When we went to the zoo yesterday, the weather should have been good but it rained so we couldn’t tour well and even the entrance fee was wasted.

오늘 아침에 먹은 음식은 다뜻했어야 했는데 늦게 일어나서 차가워졌네.
The food I that I ate during breakfast today should have been warm but I woke up late so it got cold.



#Korean lesson 18

다르다 means ‘to be different’, and can be used in several conditional structures:

N + 에 따라 다르다 – it depends on N (lit: in accordance with)

상황에 따라 달라요.
It depends on the situation.

때에 따라 달라요.
It depends on the time.

네가 어떻게 느낌에 따라 달라요.
It depends on how you feel.

너의 결정에 따라 달라요.
It depends on your decision.

V + 는지에 따라 달라요 – it depends on whether/how/if/when/with whom I do V

요금은 언제 가는지에 따라 달라요.
The fare varies depending on when you go.

누구에게 물어보는지에 따라 달라요.
It depends on who you ask.

V + 는지는 N + 에 따라 달라요 – Whether you do V depends on N

시험에서 높은 점수를 받는지는 노력에 따라 달라요.
Whether you get a high test score in the test depends on your effort.

우리가 해변에 갈 수 있을지 없을지는 날씨에 따라 달라요.
Whether we go to the beach or not depends on the weather.

마다 달라요 – it’s different for every N

날씨는 나라마다 달라요.
The weather is different in every country.

사람마다 달라요.
It’s different for each person.

날짜는 해마다 달라요.
The date is different every year.



#Korean Lesson 19
Must know adverbs and conjunctions, filling in personal information and questions in Korean


•Adverbs and conjunctions:

또한
Also

아직
Still

그러고는
Then

하지만
However

따라서
Therefore/Consequently

현재
Currently

결국
Eventually

그리고
And/And then

그래서
So/So that

그렇지만
However/But(to express disappointment)

그런데
But/However

그러면
Then/In this case/if it’s so

아니면
Or

때문에
Because of

만약
If

그래도
Even if/However/Nonetheless


•Filling in personal information:

이름
Name

성
Surname

나이
Age

생일
Birthday

주소
Address

나라
Country

국적
Nationality

직업
Occupation(Profession)


•Questions

왜
Why

어디
Where

뭐
What

어느
Which

언제
When

어떻게
How

누가/누구
Who

어떤
What kind of

무슨
What kind of

얼마/얼마나
How much/many



#Korean lesson 20

Nouns:
동생 = younger sibling

남동생 = younger brother

여동생 = younger sister

형 = older brother

오빠 = older brother

누나 = older sister

언니 = older sister

삼촌 = uncle

이모 = aunt (on mother’s side)

고모 = aunt (on father’s side)

아저씨  = older man not related to you

아주머니 = older woman not related to you

할아버지 = grandfather

할머니 = grandmother

친구 = friend

사진 = picture

안경 = glasses

비밀 = secret

비 = rain

가게 = store/shop

박물관 = museum

가스 레인지 = stove (gas range)

오리 = duck (animal)

꼬리 = tail

공 = ball

Verbs:
기대하다 = to expect

건너다 = to cross (a road/etc)

던지다 = to throw

싫어하다 = to not like

떠나다 = to leave somewhere

농담하다 = to joke

Adjectives:
지루하다 = to be boring

마르다 = for a person to be too thin

멀다 = to be far away

마르다 = to be dry

비슷하다 = to be similar

싫다 = to not be good

오래되다 = for an object to be old

배고프다 = to be hungry

Adverbs and Other Words:
오늘 = today

어제 = yesterday

내일 = tomorrow

모레 = the day after tomorrow

년 = year

일 = day

시간 = time



#Korean lesson 21
I have seen alot of people using 어떻게 and 어떡해 wrongly so heres the difference

They do sound the same BUT eventhough they have quite similar meanings, they have their own usage. "어떻게" purely means "How". You ask how you should do something or not. There are instances to that it is used as "What"

Examples: 그걸 어떻게 알았어요? (How did you know that?) 이 계획을 어떻게 생각하세요? (What do you think of this plan?) 그동안 어떻게 지냈어요? (How have you been?)

어떡해" is a contraction of "어떻게 하다" which only means "What should I do?" or "What am I supposed to do?"



#Korean Lesson 22
Informal vs Informal, Korean slangs and shortened words


•Formal > Informal

따님 > 딸
Daughter

아드님 > 아들
Son

연세 > 나이
Age

주무시다 > 자다
Sleep

계시다 > 있다
To exist

잡수시다 > 먹다
To eat


•Korean slangs

멘붕
Short for 멘탈붕괴
Mental shock

개소리
Literally means ‘Dog sound’, used when you think a statement is totally wrong

불금
Fire or Friday
Go crazy because its the weekend!

야매
A fake product usually bought from the black market

안물
Short for 안 물어보다
Means ‘i did not ask for your opinion’ and it is not polite

짱
Koreans say this when someone awesome happens(can be added to many words)

먹방
Literally means ‘an eating broadcast’. Watching someone eat on Tb or through the net

생축
Short for 생일 축하 means happy birthday

알바
Short for 아르바이트 means part-time job

치맥
Short for 치킨+맥주 means chicken and beer


•Shortened words in Korean

다음 > 담
Next

그리고 > 글고
And

그냥 > 걍
Just

짜증나 > 짱나
Annoying

알았어 > 알써
Ok/i know/ I understand

우리 > 울
We

처음 > 첨
Beginning/first

지금 > 짐
Now




#Korean lesson 23
Basic Colors

Orange - 주황색 - juhwangsaek

Yellow - 노란색 - noransaek

Blue - 파란색 - paransaek

Red - 빨간색 - bbalgansaek

Green - 초록색 - choroksaek

Black - 검정색 - geomjeongsaek

Brown - 갈색 - galsaek

Pink - 분홍색 - bunhongsaek

Purple - 보라색 - borasaek

White - 흰색 - heuinsaek



#Korean lesson 24

거의 vs ㄹ뻔했다

거의
Show that an action is progressing and it has “almost” reached its limit. Once it reaches the limit, it will likely stop. For example:

저는 밥을 다 먹었어요
= I ate all the rice

저는 밥을 거의 다 먹었어요
= I almost ate all the rice
This could mean two things though. Firstly that you are eating the rice and are almost about to complete eating it OR that you almost ate ot all but stopped eating

뻔했다
the action that “almost” happens had not started in any way – and does not happen at all in the future

화가 너무 나서 친구를 때릴 뻔 했어요
= I was so mad I almost hit my friend



#Korean Lesson 25
Grammar


•Verb stem form + 지 마세요
Don’t ~

너무 많이 먹지 마세요
Don’t eat too much

한국어 공부를 포기하지 마세요
Don’t give up studying Korean

이제 울지 마세요
Don’t cry anymore


•Verb stem form + 고 싶어요
I want to ~

한국어를 공부하고 싶어요
I want to study Korean

한국에 가고 싶어요
I want to go to Korea


•Verb stem form + 지 않아요
I am/do not ~

이제 힘들지 않아요
I am not tired anymore

전혀 외롭지 않아요
I am not lonely anymore



#Korean Lesson 26
Korean Sentence Structure and Particles

•Sentences consist of
“a subject + predicate(verb)”
or “a subject + object + predicate(verb)”

1.캐렌이 2.가요
1.Subject + 2.predicate
캐렌이 가요
Karen goes.

1.캐렌이 2.자요
1.Subject + 2.predicate
캐렌이 자요
Karen sleeps.

1.에린이 2.사과를 3.먹어요
1.Subject + 2.object + 3.predicate
에린이 사과를 먹어요
Erin eats an apple.

1.에린이 2.도서관에서 3.책을 4.읽어요
1.Subject + 3.object + 4.predicate
에린이 도서관에서 책을 읽어요
Erin reads a book in the library.


•Particles:
-After the subject of a sentence 이 or 가 is used.
(이 is used when the subject ends with a consonant, 가 is used when the subject ends with a vowel)

-After an object 을 or 를 is used.
(을 is used when the object ends with a consonant, and 를 is used when the object ends with a vowel)