Notes

Genes for cat colors:
B - black, b - chocolate, b' - cinnamon
A - tabby, a - solid
T - mackerel/ striped tabby, Ta - all-agouti/ Abyssinian, tb - blotched tabby
D - black/ brown/ orange (full-pigmented), d - gray-blue/ tan/ cream (paler colors)
O - orange (dominant to ALL, even black), o - anything else, Oo - tortoiseshell
S - spots (tuxedos, "cow kitties", mittens), s - no white fur
W - white (dominant to all), w - any other colors
L - short fur, l - long fur
h - French hairless (recessive), hd - British hairless (recessive), Hp - Russian Donskoy and Peterbald (dominant), hr - Canadian Sphynx (recessive)

W allele has pale blue/ orange eyes, S allele (large white spot) has green/ yellow eyes
Agouti - striped fur (the strands are striped, like Peter Parker)
Ginger coats are codominant
Male tortoiseshell cats are normally infertile (Klinefelter syndrome aka having another X chromosome [XXY])
Piebald - bicolor
Maltese - mostly/ fully gray-blue, indeterminate breed

Spotted tabby: stripes are broken up into spots, vertical or horizontal, "broken mackerel"
Ticked tabby: virtually no stripes/ bars, dominant to all other tabby patterns

Tortoiseshell vs Calico:
Tortie: patches of orange fur, black or brown fur mostly. Mainly female, 1/3000 being male. when a small amount of its fur is white, it is tortoiseshell-and-white.
Calico: more white than tortie-and-white, known as tricolor, mi-ke (triple fur in Japanese), lapjeskat (patches cat in Dutch)
Oo s with little to no white spots are torties. Oo s with a large amount of white, larger red/cream and black/blue spots are calicos.
A true tricolor must have: white, red, orange, yellow, or cream fur, and a black, brownish, or gray/blue fur color. Tabby stripes are not another color fur.
Tortoiseshell tabbies (torbies) have tabby stripes on both colors. Calico tabbies are named calibys.

W^D - dominant white, linked to blue eyes and deafness
W^S - white spotting, heterozygous are 0-50% white, homozygous are 50-100% white
w - wild, no white
w^g - recessive, white gloving/ socks on each paw

Colorpoint - dark colors on the face, ears, feet, and tail, with a lighter version everywhere else, and maybe some white.
Specific names for ^: seal points (dark brown), chocolate points (warm lighter brown), blue points (dark gray), lilac/ frost points (silvery gray-pink), red/ flame points (orange), tortie points (tortoiseshell mottling), and more
Colorpoints tend to get darker with age because the heat in the body drops. A significant injury can make it darken or lighten the fur. Also, they are more likely to have crossed eyes.
Colorpoint alleles: C - full color, cb - Burmese sepia (colorpoint with lower contrast), cs - siamese/colorpoint (codominant with cb. cb.cs show a medium contrast phenotype known as mink), ca - blue-eyed albino, c - pink-eyed albino

Silver cats:
the dominant gene (I) causes melanin production to be suppressed, but it affects red more than black or brown pigment. on tabbies, it turns the background color silver while the stripes stay the same. on solid color cats, the base of the hair turns pale, making them silver smoke.

Fever coat:
a queen has a fever/ is stressed, making her unborn kits' fur silverish (silver-gray, cream, or reddish) instead of the natural color. eventually, after they're born, their fur goes back to normal