Notes

-bacteria virus is called bacteriophage
-adenine and guanine are purines form 2 hydrogen bonds
-cytosine and thymines are pyrimidines and form 3 hydrogen bonds
-genomes are all of the genetic material in a cell
-genes control production of a protein
-difference between DNA and RNA- Rna has single strand DNA double, RNA has uracil DNA has thymine, DNA deoxyribose RNA ribose sugar
-mRNA- carries info that specifies the protein, codons corresponding to amino acids
-ribosomal RNA(rRNA)- combines with proteins to form a ribosome
-tRNA-connectors that bind mRNA at one end and a specific amino acid at the other
-transcription- produces RNA copy of the gene
-resembles DNA replication except the result is RNA and you use U instead of T, and copies just one gene for transcription, not the whole strand
-initiation: unzips revealing template strand, RNA polymerase then builds the promoter which tells the gene to start
-elongation: RNA polymerase goes along the DNA strand in a 3' to 5' direction adding nucleotides to only the 3' end
-terminator: terminator sequence at the end when reaching it the RNA polymerase releases from the DNA template releasing a synthesized RNA
-gene stretch of DNA
-nuclear membrane in eukaryotes keep translation from occurring before transcription is done
after transcription mg cap is added to 5' and poly a tail is added to 3'
-the cap helps ribosomes attach to 5' of mRNA and longer the length of poly A tail the longer it lasts before being degraded
-introns are portions of mRNA that are removed before translation, the remaining exons are spliced together to form mature RNA that leaves the nucleus to be translated
- transcription encoded the DNA into mRNA now the mRNA is ready to be translated into an amino acid
-64 combinations of nucleotides
- AUG is a start codon in mRNA, stop is UAA UAG UGA
-Nearly all species use the same mRNA codons to specify the same amino acids
-translation the construction of proteins
-mRNA carries the genetic info that codes for the protein, with each codon coding for an amino acid
-tRNA -binds to mRNA and amino acid, anticodon is complementary to mRNA codon
-Ribosome- joins to initiation of protein synthesis
TRANSLATION
-initiation: leader sequence of 5' binds the ribosomal subunit, first on is AUG which attracts tRNA and carries amino acid methionine which signals the start of the polypeptide, large ribosomal subunit attaches to small ribosomal subunit to complete initiation
-elongation