Notes

malaria gene drive, how social/policitcal climate effects legislation creating porcess.
the law im intrseted in addresses real world problems, how the law underpins society and evolves with it. law is very much about regulating areas and regulating is becoming harder and harder in this day and age jsut like at bitcoin the whole appeal was the lack of regulation.
mosquito larvae glowing red under a laser is a marker. Only 50% were supposed to glow because the gene was present in one parent but nearly 100% of them were the researchers hacked the rules of inheritance and created a gene drive- which biases inheritance. Done using the CRISPR gene heriting tool basically those enzymes that cut geens made from bacteria that is really accurate.
one groups of people are trying to erradict the populations of mosquitoes by making females infertile
the other is altering to spread the malaria parasite resistence gene
with things like this they are ethical issues always that leguslation has to work through. How long do you trial a medication till you start giving it to everyone to prevent suffering. every year we hold back more people die
They dont have to do it fast they have to do it right if they rush it, theyre will be backlash and they may not be able to do something like this again.
for this to happen you need some kind of agreement from the african union problems: Malaria is allover africa not jsut democratic countries like ghana but also dictatorships so them saying yes isnt speakng for the people of africa, GMOs are crticised for messing with genetics and they are groups against this movement they fear the technology will be misued by agribussiness and militaries and cause unintended damages to ecosystems they argue they are other soloutions that dont mean permanatley alterign nature. mosquitoes cant be confined in nice little borders this has international impact.
links in nicely to oryx and crake a dystopia were a boy wiped out the huamn race by creating a virus implmented in bio tech products to replace them with a form of human species he genetically negineered.

The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (commonly known as the United Nations Convention against Torture (UNCAT)) is an international human rights treaty, under the review of the United Nations, that aims to prevent torture and other acts of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment around the world.
The Convention requires states to take effective measures to prevent torture in any territory under their jurisdiction, and forbids states to transport people to any country where there is reason to believe they will be tortured.
In the early years of Pinochet’s 1973–1990 dictatorship, human rights activists began documenting cases of illegal detention, forcible transfer, murder, torture and disappearances carried out by Pinochet’s forces. After democracy was restored in Chile, an official truth commission compiled detailed information on approximately 3,000 cases of human rights violations. Pinochet could not, however, be brought to trial in Chile, because prior to leaving office he had given constitutional protection from prosecution to himself and most of his accomplices.

Lawyers acting on behalf of the people whose human rights were violated by Pinochet’s government filed criminal complaints in Spain using a procedural device called accion popular, or people’s action, in which Spanish citizens are permitted to file private criminal actions in certain circumstances. Spanish courts allowed the case to proceed based on the principle of universal jurisdiction, which allows cases that involve torture, genocide and other crimes against humanity to be tried in Spanish courts no matter where the crime was committed and regardless of the nationality of the perpetrators and their victims.

A Spanish warrant was then issued and Pinochet was arrested by British authorities in London, where he was vis­iting. Pinochet and his defenders challenged the warrant, arguing that as a former head of state he enjoyed im­munity from arrest and extradition. The British House of Lords, however, twice rejected this argument, ruling first that, although a former head of state enjoys immunity for acts committed in his functions as head of state, torture and crimes against humanity were not “functions” of a head of state; and second that, once Britain and Chile had ratified the 1984 United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatments or Punishments, Pinochet could not claim immunity from charges of torture.

Pinochet was ultimately sent back to Chile for medical reasons and so was not tried in Spain. The Chilean Su­preme Court stripped him of the parliamentary immunity he had granted himself and determined that he should be tried; it later ruled, however, that he was too ill to stand trial.
A proposed new law is called a bill. Bills must be agreed by both Houses of Parliament and receive Royal Assent from the Queen before they can become Acts of Parliament which make our law.

The Bill is introduced by a First Reading. This is simply an official notice that a Bill is going to be proposed and what it's about. It gives MPs time to prepare and discuss it.

Shortly afterwards comes the Second Reading. At this point the principles are considered on the floor of the House. The Bill is then sent to be looked at by small groups of MPs who examine the Bill in detail.

At the Third Reading the Bill is debated and there is a vote. If the Government has a majority, the Bill is then passed to the House of Lords.

Once a Bill has passed through both Houses, it is sent to the Queen for the Royal Assent. Once it has Royal Assent the Bill becomes an Act of Parliament. It is the law of the land.

Since 1952, The Queen has given Royal Assent to 3135 Acts of Parliament.

democracy lecture, cambridge analytica, a lot of it came frm the collections of big data., GDPR adresses this, democracy ha sbecome a birthright rather than based on knowledge,

Brexit- EU law will have to be converted to english law to ensure trade