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1 bond = 2 shared electrons
Acidic oxides (non-metal) :
reacts with alkali to form salt
Basic oxides (metal oxides) :
Reacts with acid to form salt
Amphoteric oxide } Zinc oxide, Aluminium oxide, Lead oxide :
Reacts with both acid & alkalis
Neutral oxide } Carbon monoxide, water, Nitrogen oxide :
DO NOT react with acid / alkalis
Brass is made up of : Cu + Zn
Cu [reddish brown/pink]
Extraction of iron - blast furnace
Add coke, haematite, limestone into the blast furnace.
1. Coke burns in hot air to produce carbon dioxide
C (s) + O2 (g) = Co2 (g)
2. Limestone decomposed by heat to form carbon dioxide and calcium oxide
CaCO3 (s) = Co2 (g) + CaO (s)
3. Production of carbon monoxide ;
Carbon dioxide rises up the furnace to react with more coke to produce carbon monoxide
C (s) + Co2 (g) = 2CO (g)
4. Reduction of haematite to iron; CO reduces Fe2O3
Carbon monoxide reduces iron(II) oxide in haematite to iron;
Molten iron is formed and it runs to the bottom of the blast furnace
Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) = 2Fe (l) + 3Co2 (g)
5. Removal of acidic impurities like silicon (IV) oxide ; using Calcium oxide
CaSiO3 is called slag / calcium silicate ;
It floats on top of molten iron & it is tapped off separately from the iron
CaO (S) + SiO2 (S) = CaSiO3 (l)
[ base + acidic impurities = slag ] - neutralisation
Rusting- in the presence of oxygen and water, a reddish-brown substance (hydrated iron(III) oxide) slowly forms on the surface of metal ; that substance is rust.
Conditions : Oxygen & Water
Increase speed of rusting : Sodium chloride & Acidic substances- Sulfur dioxide & carbon dioxide
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