Notes

Q.8) The Case Of Rain Forest.

With increasing disturbances of ecology leading to global warming, It has become extremely important to save tropical rainforests
Tropical Rainforests are the world’s largest sinks of carbon dioxide. They are generally found between 10 degrees north and south of the equator. They host 50 percent of the total species on the earth.
Tropical vines and lianas are also found in tropical rainforests. These are the plants that take the support of the trees to sustain.
Marco D Viser, an ecologist, and his team found in their investigations that Liana infestation decreased tree growth, survival, and reproduction, these reduced tree population growth rates such that liana‐infested populations declined by an average of 1.4% annually relative to conspecific liana‐free populations.
Tropical vines and lianas are often viewed as macro-parasites of trees that reduce host tree survival.
The proportion of trees infested with lianas was observed to be much greater in shade-tolerant, heavy wooded, slow-growing tree species while light-demanding, lighter wooded and fast-growing species are often liana free.

This made the ecologist conclude that “lianas and vines have stronger negative effects on shade-tolerant species”. Comment on their conclusion.

Q.9) Kampong Thom is one tourist place in Cambodia. In recent time Government of Cambodia observed that
people living in Kampong are suffering from a different disease. Health Minister requested World Health
Organization (WHO) to help them to prevent disease and take necessary steps. World Health Organization
(WHO) has kept one camp there at Kampong. Officials from WHO did health checkups and necessary blood/urine tests of people.

There are total 50 people living in Thom. After testing and reports were observed they come up with the conclusion as below :

Reports of 2 people showed positive for all three diseases.
Reports of 5 people showed positive for cholera and typhoid.
Reports of 4 people showed positive for cholera and rickets.
Reports of 3 people showed positive for typhoid and rickets.
Reports of 22 people showed positive for typhoid.
Reports of 15 people showed positive for rickets.
Reports of 18 people showed positive for cholera.

Richard Hitton (Chief Medical Officer of Thom region) saw the data, he tried to add all the positive reports to understand total affected people. He came to know that total people he calculated are not equal to the total number of people in town.

a) Identify whether his calculation is correct or not? If No, then Explain what is the error in calculation.
b) Draw a Venn Diagram to represent this data into a graphical form to understand and inference it better.
c) Find how many people of Kampong are still not affected by any of the diseases.
d) Calculate the probability of a person is having exactly one disease.
e) One famous Magazine quoted that “Cambodia: Drowning in the deathly sea of disease”
Justify the degree of accuracy of given statement in the magazine.