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NUCLEAR FISSION (PHYSICS)

nuclear - of or relating to the nucleus of an atom
fission - the action of dividing or splitting something into two or more parts


Nuclear fission - the subdivision of a heavy atomic nucleus (uranium or plutonium), and the release of a large amount of energy

Nuclear Fission is the main process of generating nuclear energy

-The nucleus of an atom breaks up into two lighter nuclei
-in the fission process, a large amount of energy is released, radioactive products are formed, and some neutrons are produced
-the neutrons that are produced can cause fission in nearby nuclei and release more neutrons that can repeat the sequence - causing a chain reaction
chain reaction - a large number of nuclei undergo fission and an enormous amount of energy is released
-The energy that is released can be either controlled in a nuclear reactor, or it can lead to a large explosion a.k.a. atomic bomb


History
-discovery of nuclear fission after discovery of neutron by Chadwick. Enrico Fermi (Italy) 1934, observed radioactive species from uranium with slow neutrons - believed to be "transuranium elements" of atomic numbers 93,94 and higher
-term "fission" used by German physicists Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch 1939
-"fission" to describe the disintegration of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei of approximately equal size
Otta Hahn and Fritz Strassman - (bombarding nuclei with neutrons) "transuranic elements" were radioisotopes of barium, lanthanum, etc.

1939 Frederic Joliot-Curie, Hnas von Halban, Lew Kowarski - found neutrons produced in fission of uranium 235 - discovery of possible chain reaction














     
 
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