Notes

Venus also has over 150 shield volcanoes which are much flatter, with a larger surface area than those found on Earth, some having a diameter of more than 700 km (430 mi).[42] Although the majority of these are long extinct it has been suggested, from observations by the Venus Express spacecraft, that many may still be active.[43]

See also
Pyroclastic shield volcano
References
Citations
Topinka, Lyn (28 December 2005). "Description: Shield Volcano". USGS. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
Douglas Harper (2010). "Shield". Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper. Retrieved February 13, 2011.
John Watson (1 March 2011). "Principal Types of Volcanoes". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
"How Volcanoes Work: Shield Volcanoes". San Diego State University. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
"Purico Complex". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
"Billy Mitchell". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
Bruce Perry. "Igneous Rocks Tour: Volcanoes and Lava Flows". California State University, Long Beach. Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
"Shield Volcanoes". University of North Dakota. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
J.G. Moore (1987). Subsidence of the Hawaiian Ridge. Volcanism in Hawaii: Geological Survey Professional Paper, Volume 1350, Issue 1.
"How High is Mauna Loa?". Hawaiian Volcano Observatory – United States Geological Survey. 20 August 1998. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
Navin Singh Khadka (28 February 2012). "Nepal in new bid to finally settle Mount Everest height". BBC News. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
Brian Clark Howard (5 September 2013). "New Giant Volcano Below Sea Is Largest in the World". National Geographic. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
Hasenaka, T. (October 1994). "Size, distribution, and magma output rate for shield volcanoes of the Michoacán-Guanajuato volcanic field, Central Mexico". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 1. Elsevier. 63 (2): 13–31. Bibcode:1994JVGR...63...13H. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(94)90016-7.
"How Volcanoes Work: Hawaiian Eruptions". San Diego State University. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
World Book: U · V · 20. Chicago: Scott Fetzer. 2009. pp. 438–443. ISBN 978-0-7166-0109-8. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
Marco Bagnardia; Falk Amelunga; Michael P. Poland (September 2013). "A new model for the growth of basaltic shields based on deformation of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos Islands". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Elsevier. 377–378: 358–366. Bibcode:2013E&PSL.377..358B. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.016.
Regelous, M.; Hofmann, A. W.; Abouchami, W.; Galer, S. J. G. (2003). "Geochemistry of Lavas from the Emperor Seamounts, and the Geochemical Evolution of Hawaiian Magmatism from 85 to 42 Ma". Journal of Petrology. Oxford University Press. 44 (1): 113–140. Bibcode:2003JPet...44..113R. doi:10.1093/petrology/44.1.113.
"How Volcanoes Work: Basaltic Lava". San Diego State University. Retrieved 2 August 2010.
Gerardo Carrasco-Núñeza; et al. (30 November 2010). "Evolution and hazards of a long-quiescent compound shield-like volcano: Cofre de Perote, Eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 1. Elsevier. 197 (4): 209–224. Bibcode:2010JVGR..197..209C. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.08.010.
"Summary of the Pu`u `Ō `ō-Kupaianaha Eruption, 1983-present". United States Geological Service - Hawaii Volcano Observatory. 4 October 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
Bill White & Bree Burdick. "Volcanic Galapagos: Formation of an Oceanic Archipelago". University of Oregon. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
"VHP Photo Glossary: Shield volcano". USGS. 17 July 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
Topinka, Lyn (18 April 2002). "Description: Lava Tubes and Lava Tube Caves". USGS. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
James S. Monroe; Reed Wicander (2006). The changing Earth : exploring geology and evolution (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-495-55480-6. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
Watson, Jim (5 May 1999). "The long trail of the Hawaiian hotspot". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
Regelous, M.; Hofmann, A.W.; Abouchami, W.; Galer, S.J.G. (2003). "Geochemistry of Lavas from the Emperor Seamounts, and the Geochemical Evolution of Hawaiian Magmatism from 85 to 42 Ma" (PDF). Journal of Petrology. Oxford University Press. 44 (1): 113–140. Bibcode:2003JPet...44..113R. doi:10.1093/petrology/44.1.113. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
"Evolution of Hawaiian Volcanoes". Hawaiian Volcano Observatory - United States Geological Survey. 8 September 1995. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
"How Volcanoes Work: Galapagos Shield Volcanoes". San Diego State University. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
"Volcanoes". Galapagos Online Tours and Cruises. Archived from the original on 23 July 2001. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
"Volcanoes of South America: Galápagos Islands". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
Ruth Andrews & Agust Gudmundsson (2006). "Holocene shield volcanoes in Iceland" (PDF). University of Göttingen. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
Institute for Geophysics at National Polytechnic School
"Galapagos volcano erupts, could threaten wildlife". October 22, 2015. Archived from the original on 2009-04-15.
Bailey, K. (30 April 1976). "Potassium-Argon Ages from the Galapagos Islands". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 192 (4238): 465–467. Bibcode:1976Sci...192..465B. doi:10.1126/science.192.4238.465. PMID 17731085. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
Rossi, M. J. (1996). "Morphology and mechanism of eruption of postglacial shield volcanoes in Iceland". Bulletin of Volcanology. Springer. 57 (7): 530–540. Bibcode:1996BVol...57..530R. doi:10.1007/BF00304437. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
Lyn Topinka (2 October 2003). "Africa Volcanoes and Volcanics". United States Geological Service. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
"Menengai". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
Heather Couper & Nigel Henbest (1999). Space Encyclopedia. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0-7894-4708-8.
Watson, John (February 5, 1997). "Extraterrestrial Volcanism". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved February 13, 2011.
Masursky, H.; Masursky, Harold; Saunders, R. S. (1973). "An Overview of Geological Results from Mariner 9". Journal of Geophysical Research. 78 (20): 4009–4030. Bibcode:1973JGR....78.4031C. doi:10.1029/JB078i020p04031.
Carr, M.H., 2006, The Surface of Mars, Cambridge, 307 p.
"Large Shield Volcanoes". Oregon State University. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
Nancy Atkinson (8 April 2010). "Volcanoes on Venus May Still Be Active". Universe Today. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
External links
Media related to Shield volcanoes at Wikimedia Commons
vte
Volcanoes
Types
Caldera Cinder cone Complex volcano Cryovolcano Fissure vent Lava cone Lava dome Maar Mud volcano Parasitic cone Pyroclastic cone Pyroclastic shield Rootless cone Shield volcano Somma volcano Stratovolcano Subglacial volcano Submarine volcano Supervolcano Volcanic cone
Puu Oo cropped.jpg
Volcanic rocks
Agglomerate Andesite Basalt Basaltic andesite Benmoreite Blairmorite Dacite Felsite Komatiite Latite Leucitite Nephelinite Obsidian Phonolite Phonotephrite Rhyodacite Rhyolite Tephriphonolite Trachyandesite Trachybasalt Trachyte Tuff
Lists and groups
Hotspot Lists of volcanoes Decade Volcanoes Volcanic arc Volcanic belt Volcanic field monogenetic polygenetic
Category Category Commons page Commons Portal Portal WikiProject WikiProject
Categories: Shield volcanoesVolcanic landforms
Navigation menu
Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView historySearch

Search Wikipedia
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons

Languages
Deutsch
Español
Français
한국어
हिन्दी
Italiano
Русский
Tiếng Việt
中文
33 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 17 September 2018, at 12:54 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimersContact WikipediaDevelopersCookie statementMobile view