Notes

Hippocampal Transcriptome Changes Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage within Mice.
Members of the genera Proteiniphilum and Petrimonas were speculated to represent indicators reflecting process instability within anaerobic digestion (AD) microbiomes. Therefore, Petrimonas mucosa ING2-E5AT was isolated from a biogas reactor sample and sequenced on the PacBio RSII and Illumina MiSeq sequencers. Phylogenetic classification positioned the strain ING2-E5AT in close proximity to Fermentimonas and Proteiniphilum species (family Dysgonomonadaceae). ING2-E5AT encodes a number of genes for glycosyl-hydrolyses (GH) which are organized in Polysaccharide Utilization Loci (PUL) comprising tandem susCD-like genes for a TonB-dependent outer-membrane transporter and a cell surface glycan-binding protein. Different GHs encoded in PUL are involved in pectin degradation, reflecting a pronounced specialization of the ING2-E5AT PUL systems regarding the decomposition of this polysaccharide. Genes encoding enzymes participating in amino acids fermentation were also identified. Fragment recruitments with the ING2-E5AT genome as a template and publicly available metagenomes of AD microbiomes revealed that Petrimonas species are present in 146 out of 257 datasets supporting their importance in AD microbiomes. Metatranscriptome analyses of AD microbiomes uncovered active sugar and amino acid fermentation pathways for Petrimonas species. Likewise, screening of metaproteome datasets demonstrated expression of the Petrimonas PUL-specific component SusC providing further evidence that PUL play a central role for the lifestyle of Petrimonas species.
Objective assessment of shoulder joint active range of motion (AROM) is critical to monitor patient progress after conservative or surgical intervention. Advancements in miniature devices have led researchers to validate inertial sensors to capture human movement. This study investigated the construct validity as well as intra- and inter-rater reliability of active shoulder mobility measurements using a coupled system of inertial sensors and the Microsoft Kinect (HumanTrak).

50 healthy participants with no history of shoulder pathology were tested bilaterally for fixed and free ROM (1) shoulder flexion, and (2) abduction using HumanTrak and goniometry. The repeat testing of the standardised protocol was completed after seven days by two physiotherapists.

All HumanTrak shoulder movements demonstrated adequate reliability (intra-class correlation (ICC) ≥ 0.70). HumanTrak demonstrated higher intra-rater reliability (ICCs 0.93 and 0.85) than goniometry (ICCs 0.75 and 0.53) for measuring free shoulder flexion and abduction AROM, respectively. Similarly, HumanTrak demonstrated higher intra-rater reliability (ICCs 0.81 and 0.94) than goniometry (ICCs 0.70 and 0.93) for fixed flexion and abduction AROM, respectively. Construct validity between HumanTrak and goniometry was adequate except for free abduction. The differences between raters were predominately acceptable and below ±10°.

These results indicated that the HumanTrak system is an objective, valid and reliable way to assess and track shoulder ROM.
These results indicated that the HumanTrak system is an objective, valid and reliable way to assess and track shoulder ROM.In the work, the results of the research concerned with the TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steel wire drawing process in experimental and theoretical ways are shown. The wire drawing process tests on the experimental way were conducted in both laboratories as well as industrial conditions, with the use of two drawing speeds (1.6 and 6 m/s) and two drawing schemes (low and high single reductions). The mechanical properties of wires drawn with high drawing speed equal to 6 m/s showed higher values of mechanical properties for wires drawn with low single reductions than for wires drawn with high single reductions. Such a phenomenon contradicts the theory of drawing wires from steel with a ferritic-pearlitic structure and must be related to TRIP structure and the presence of retained austenite in it, which is transformed into martensite during the deformation process. In order to explain this phenomenon, the theoretical wire drawing process analysis was conducted with the use of the Drawing 2D program based on the finite element method. Veliparib manufacturer On the base of the simulation, a large increase in temperature was found on the surface for wires drawn with high drawing speed and low single reductions, which can cause the blocking of transformation retained austenite into martensite and thus a decrease in Rm. To confirm this thesis, further studies will include tests of the amount of retained austenite in wires obtained during experimental tests.Hypertriglyceridemia is a condition characterized by high triglyceride levels and is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of roasted Nelumbinis folium (RN), which is a medicinal substance produced by heating lotus leaves, on lipid metabolism in high fat/cholesterol (HFC) diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Except for those in the control group, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an HFC diet for four weeks to induce hypertriglyceridemia. During the next nine weeks, the control, regular diet; HFC, HFC diet, FLU, fluvastatin (3 mg/kg/day); RNL, RN (100 mg/kg/day); RNH, RN (200 mg/kg/day) were orally administered together with the diet, and the experiments were conducted for a total of 13 weeks. The weight of the epididymal adipose tissue, liver, and heart of rats in the HFC diet group significantly increased compared to those in the control group but improved in the RN-treated group. It was also confirmed that vascular function, which is damaged by an HFC diet, was improved after RN treatment. The levels of insulin, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein increased in the HFC diet group compared to those in the control group, while the administration of RN attenuated these parameters. In addition, the administration of RN significantly reduced the gene expression of both LXR and SREBP-1, which indicated the inhibitory effect of the biosynthesis of triglycerides caused by RN. The results indicated that RN administration resulted in an improvement in the overall lipid metabolism and a decrease in the concentration of triglycerides in the HFC diet-induced rat model of hypertriglyceridemia. Therefore, our findings suggest that the RN can be a candidate material to provide a new direction for treating hypertriglyceridemia.The levels of hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (AA-Hb), a biomarker of acrylamide exposure, have not been reported for Japanese subjects. Herein, we determined the AA-Hb levels in a Japanese population and compared them with the estimated dietary intake from the duplicate diet method (DM) and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). One-day DM samples, FFQ, and blood samples were collected from 89 participants and analyzed for acrylamide. AA-Hb was analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and the N-alkyl Edman method. Participants were divided into tertiles of estimated acrylamide intake and geometric means (GMs) of AA-Hb adjusted for sex and smoking status. A stratified analysis according to smoking status was also performed. The average AA-Hb levels for all participants, never, past, and current smokers were 46, 38, 65, and 86 pmol/g Hb, respectively. GMs of AA-Hb levels in all participants were significantly associated with tertiles of estimated acrylamide intake from DM (p for trend = 0.02) and FFQ (p for trend = 0.04), although no association with smokers was observed. AA-Hb levels reflected smoking status, which were similar to values reported in Western populations, and they were associated with estimated dietary intake of acrylamide when adjusted for sex and smoking status.Malaria occurrence in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh varies by season and year, but this pattern is not well characterized. The role of environmental conditions on the occurrence of this vector-borne parasitic disease in the region is not fully understood. We extracted information on malaria patients recorded in the Upazila (sub-district) Health Complex patient registers of Rajasthali in Rangamati district of Bangladesh from February 2000 to November 2009. Weather data for the study area and period were obtained from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Non-linear and delayed effects of meteorological drivers, including temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall on the incidence of malaria, were investigated. We observed significant positive association between temperature and rainfall and malaria occurrence, revealing two peaks at 19 °C (logarithms of relative risks (logRR) = 4.3, 95% CI 1.1-7.5) and 24.5 °C (logRR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.8-7.6) for temperature and at 86 mm (logRR = 19.5, 95% CI 11.7-27.3) and 284 mm (logRR = 17.6, 95% CI 9.9-25.2) for rainfall. In sub-group analysis, women were at a much higher risk of developing malaria at increased temperatures. People over 50 years and children under 15 years were more susceptible to malaria at increased rainfall. The observed associations have policy implications. Further research is needed to expand these findings and direct resources to the vulnerable populations for malaria prevention and control in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh and the region with similar settings.
The assessment of ovarian reserve in the case of endometrioma is of pivotal importance for planning a tailored management. However, both the antral follicle count (AFC) and the antimüllerian hormone (AMH) dosage are subject to a fair degree of variability in ovarian endometriosis. This study aimed to identify a sonographic parameter of ovarian reserve that could implement current available markers in patients with unilateral endometrioma.

Patients with unilateral endometrioma admitted to our Endometriosis Center between March 2018 and April 2019 were enrolled. Transvaginal ultrasonography for the evaluation of eight sonographic indicators and AMH level determination were performed. The relationship between AMH level and each indicator was assessed.

Thirty-four women were included. There was a positive significant correlation between AMH level and the healthy ovary AFC (HO-AFC) (
= 0.36
= 0.034). A stronger, negative correlation between AMH level and the ratio between the volume of the affected and the healthy ovary (affected ovary relative volume, AORV) (
= -0.47;
= 0.005) was evidenced. AORV had a satisfactory accuracy (AUC 0.73; CI 0.61-0.90;
= 0.0008), and the cut-off value of 5.96 had the best balance of sensitivity/specificity in distinguishing between patients with a good ovarian reserve (AMH ≥ 2 ng/mL) and those at risk of ovarian reserve depletion after excisional surgery.

AORV may be a useful tool to assess ovarian reserve in patients with unilateral endometrioma without previous surgery and to guide physicians in clinical management.
AORV may be a useful tool to assess ovarian reserve in patients with unilateral endometrioma without previous surgery and to guide physicians in clinical management.Sterols, especially cholesterol and phytosterols, are important components of food lipids. During food processing, such as heating, sterols, like unsaturated fatty acids, can be oxidized. Protein modification by secondary products of lipid peroxidation has recently been demonstrated in food through a process called lipation. Similarly, this study was performed to assess, for the first time, the possibility of reactions between food proteins and sterol oxidation products in conditions relevant for food processing. Therefore, reaction models consisting of oxysterol (cholesterol 5α,6α-epoxide) and reactive amino acids (arginine, lysine, and methionine) were incubated in various conditions of concentration (0-8 mM), time (0-120 min), and temperature (30-180 °C). The identification of lysine adducts through thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array detector (DAD), and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) evidenced a reaction with lysine. Moreover, the HPLC-ESI with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses allowed observation of the compound, whose mass to charge ratio m/z 710.
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