Notes

Effect associated with nitisinone as well as metabolites on l-tyrosine metabolic process in a design method.
Osteoporosis, a common chronic metabolic bone disease is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. As the prevalence of osteoporosis increases with age, a paralleled elevation in the rate of incident fragility fractures will be observed. This narrative review explores the origins of bone and considers physiological mechanisms involved in bone homeostasis relevant to management and treatment. Secondary causes of osteoporosis, as well as osteosarcopenia are discussed followed by an overview of the commonly used pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis in older people.To effectively use the fishery count data containing zero values, Setipinna taty in the coastal waters of south inshore of Zhejiang in China from 2017 to 2019 was used in this study. Environmental factors, such as water temperature, water depth, and salinity, were selected to establish models and compare based on the generalized additive model (GAM) of the Tweedie distribution (Tweedie-GAM) and two-stage GAM, Ad hoc method, and generalized additive mixed model (GAMM). The results showed that each station accounted for a higher proportion of zero values and the two-stage GAM model had a higher deviation interpretation rate, and GAM I and GAM II had 19.6% and 60.4% deviation interpretation rates. The cross-validation results showed that the performance evaluation of the two-stage GAM model was the best and showed the highest R2 value, the lowest average absolute error, and the relatively small root mean square error. This study found that the abundance of S. taty in the south inshore of Zhejiang was highest at around 21°C and 18°C in spring and autumn, and the abundance reached the highest at a water depth of about 20 m. In spatial distribution, the high value of the abundance of S. taty was mostly distributed in the coastal waters in the south of 28°N. In future research, models should be fitted and compared for different sampling zero-value ratios, and more environmental factors should be included to accurately find an optimal model and provide references for the conservation of fishery resources.The demand for healthier foods with high nutritional value has resulted in intensive fish farming. In this production system, high-frequency infections occur, and antibiotics are administrated for control. Only two antibiotics are allowed for use in Brazilian aquaculture, one of which is florfenicol. In this work, a bioconcentration assay was performed to assess the accumulation of florfenicol in the muscle of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Tilapia was evaluated as it is the most produced fish species in Brazil. The fish were exposed to florfenicol at a nominal concentration of 10 mg/L, through the water. Muscle and water were collected at 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 24, and 48 h during the exposure phase and at 1.5, 3, 6, 24, 48, and 120 h during the depuration phase. Quantification was performed using an LC-MS/MS. The results showed rapid absorption and elimination of the antibiotic (half-life, t1/2 = 5 h), with low potential for accumulation of florfenicol in tilapia muscles. The study was performed to determine the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and withdrawal period of florfenicol, being 0.05 mL/μg and 1.8 h, respectively. The results contribute to set protocols for the safe use of florfenicol in tilapia transport, avoiding residues in fish that may pose risks to human health.Nanoparticles (NPs) are prevalent in dewatered sludge, and their presence increases the environmental risks associated with the subsequent sludge treatment process. However, until now, their potential effects on sludge vermicomposting have not been clarified. This study investigated the effects of NPs on sludge humification and microbial profiles during vermicomposting by comparing fresh dewatered sludge substrates with substrates mixed with 0 mg/kg NPs (control), 100 mg/kg TiO2, 500 mg/kg TiO2, 100 mg/kg ZnO, and 500 mg/kg ZnO. The results showed that addition of TiO2 and ZnO NPs to sludge did not significantly affect the growth rate of earthworms and the superoxide dismutase activity in their guts during vermicomposting. Moreover, higher concentrations of the selected NPs promoted the humification index of sludge by 20.7-49.6%, through the formation of polysaccharides, aromatic substances, and organic acids in final vermicomposts. Compared with the control without NP addition, bacterial community diversity was enhanced in treatments with TiO2 and ZnO NPs, and dominant genera differed according to the type and concentration of NPs. This study suggests that the presence of TiO2 and ZnO NP residuals modify the microbial community of sludge, thus promoting sludge humification during vermicomposting.The control of point source discharges to rivers has become more significant since the establishment of environmental quality standards (EQSs). Many countries, including Turkey, have set EQS values for various contaminants. One important challenge regarding these EQSs is to reconcile the effluent limits that are technically and economically achievable with the ones that are required to accomplish the EQSs. The Tersakan sub-basin of Yeşilırmak River acquires good examples of this challenge due to the industrial and agricultural discharge activities present. In this study, a new, simplistic, and less data-driven approach is developed to facilitate this compromise and implemented for all suitable discharge points within the sub-basin. The foundation of this approach is that effluent discharges may mix and become diluted within negligibly short distances from the point of discharge where exceedance of EQSs can be permissible. The approach modularly combines different analytical solutions of the advective-dispersive mass transport equation that are applicable under different mixing conditions and estimates maximum allowable discharge concentrations of contaminants. The results of the case study in the Tersakan sub-basinindicate that none of the studied discharges need load reduction to achieve EQSs. However, in various points, tridecane, nickel, bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, NH4-N, total phosphorus, and free cyanide have consumed more than 10% of their discharge quotas estimated by the mentioned approach. Therefore, for the sub-basin, these six contaminants and their corresponding two discharge points may require more attention in the future.Today, the research on the closed-loop supply chain network design with sustainability and resiliency criteria is a very active research topic. This paper provides a new closed-loop supply chain under uncertainty with the use of resiliency, sustainability, and reliability dimensions among the first studies. Reversine To model this problem, a two-stage stochastic programming approach is used. To create robust solutions against uncertainty, a conditional value at risk criterion is contributed. The proposed model aims to minimize the total cost, environmental pollution, and energy consumption while maximizing the job opportunities as the social factor. In addition to the sustainability goals, the energy consumption is considered to be the last objective to be minimized. To show the applicability of the proposed model, an automobile assembler industry is applied. To solve the model, the Lp-metric method is employed to transform this multi-objective model into a single objective one. Since this closed-loop supply chain model is complex and NP-hard, a Lagrangian relaxation method with fix-and-optimize heuristic is employed to find the upper and lower bounds for the model via different random test problems. With an extensive analysis, the proposed model shows an improvement to the total cost, CO2 emissions, job opportunities and energy consumption.The motivation behind this study is to investigate the impact of non-renewable and renewable energy consumption on economic growth for a panel of 99 world countries with energy inclusive production function and then finding the empirical evidences for income and regional classification of world economies. To accomplish this purpose, the study has employed panel estimation techniques of dynamic and fully modified ordinary least square and fixed effects model after confirming Hausman test over the period of 1995-2017. For overall sample, the impact of non-renewable and renewable energy consumption on economic growth is found to be significantly positive while this relationship of energy-growth varies at income and regional classification. To incorporate the omitted variable biasness, capital and labor were included in the model. Thus, it is evident from the results that in the presence of non-renewable and renewable energy consumption, capital and labor have significant positive impact on economic growth. It is concluded that although energy consumption has a vital importance in boosting growth and development of the economies but heavily focusing on non-renewable energy cause environmental problems therefore, it is suggested to promote renewable energy sector for efficient and environment friendly use of energy.Abuse of antibiotics in aquaculture have been alarming and might aggravate spread of resistance genes in the environment. Holistic ARGs proliferation checks require deeper analyses of coupled absolute abundances in 16S rRNA bacteria communities at the phylum level to detect biomarkers. Sulfanilamide (sul) and copper II sulfate (CuSO4 II) were, therefore, designed and added as separate or combined treatments in 9 replicate engineered goldfish tanks comprising 3 individual sul, 3 CuSO4 II, 3 (sul + CuSO4 II) combinations, and 3 controls within 180 days. The DNA from water and fish guts was sequenced under qPCR to determine 16S rRNA bacteria biomarkers co-occurring with the correspondent ARGs. Combined chemical addition at 0.8-1.5 mg sul + 0.5-1.0 mg CuSO4 II/3 L of tank waters reduced sequenced 16S rRNA bacteria absolute abundances in fish gut and water samples while portraying the biomarkers. Absolute abundances of the entire 16S rRNA bacteria was higher in fish guts (3.4 × 1014-4.9 × 108 copies/g) than water samples (1.5 × 109-2.6 × 1015 copies/L), respectively. Much as sul 1(log) were dominant over intl 1(log) genes, and their fundamental profiles were also higher in the fish guts than water samples; the Spearman's correlation analyses revealed positive relationship (p Planktomycetes (10-528-25%) featured prominently based on LEfSe use as the hot-spotted biomarkers, hence justifying its higher prospects towards innovative environmental microbiological and biotechnological studies.Diffuse pesticide pollution through tobacco fields is a serious threat to both natural integrities and living beings because tobacco is known as a pesticide-intensive crop. Upsurge in the knowledge of detrimental impacts caused by organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has made them a burning issue particularly in developing countries. Pakistan is a country famous for its agro-based economy and simultaneously is the second most significant pesticide consumer in South Asian countries. The studied area is tobacco hub of the country. Thus, the present work is aimed to investigate the contamination profile that highlights the ecological and health risk posed by OCPs in River Barandu, located in the proximity of tobacco farming region. ΣOCP levels in sediments ranged between 32.918 and 98.810 ng/g and in water between 0.340 and 0.935 μg/L. Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and heptachlor were the most prevailing pesticides in both matrices of the river. Isomeric composition of DDTs and HCHs highlighted that the β-HCH and p,p'-DDT were dominant isomers in water, while α-HCH and p,p'-DDT in sediment compartment.
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