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Attenuated neuronal along with autonomic responses through problem control within anorexia nervosa.
66%) had improved to House Brackmann grade IV. CONCLUSION Despite the various techniques in facial reanimation following facial nerve paralysis, the end to end hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis remains the gold standard procedure with satisfying results in cases of the viable distal facial stump and non-atrophic muscles. Early hypoglossal-facial anastomotic repair after acute facial nerve injury is associated with better long-term facial function outcomes and should be considered in the management algorithm. Copyright © 2019 Amr Abdelmonam Abdelaziz M. Elkatatny, Hany Abdelrahim Abdelrazik Abdallah, Dina Ghoraba, Tarek Ahmed Amer, Tarek Hamdy.BACKGROUND Nowadays, spinal anaesthesia is a suitable choice for most elective and emergency cesarean section (C-section) deliveries. AIM This study aimed to determine the effect of adding low-dose naloxone to intrathecal morphine on postoperative pain and morphine related side effects after C-section. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present double-blind, randomised clinical trial, 70 women aged over 18 years, who were candidates for elective medical C-section under spinal anaesthesia were selected and randomly assigned to either the study group or the control group. For spinal anaesthesia, 10 mg of Bupivacaine plus 100 μg of morphine was administered for all patients. However, patients in the study group received 20 µg of naloxone intrathecally; but the patients in the control group only received normal saline as a placebo. After surgery, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump with paracetamol (Apotel®) was connected to each patient. THAL-SNS-032 concentration The intensity of postoperative pain in the patients was evaluated and recorded and pruritus. Copyright © 2019 Saloumeh Peivandi, Mohammad Reza Habibi, Afshin Gholipour Baradari, Abdolmajid Gholinataj, Ali Habibi, Mohammad Khademloo, Foad Foladi.AIM The study aimed to evaluate serum vitamin D concentrations among neonates with pneumonia. METHODS This case-control study enrolled 33 neonates with pneumonia in addition to 30 healthy controls. CBC, CRP, Serum vitamin D and Pentraxin 3 levels were measured for all participants. RESULTS There was significant difference between patients and controls regarding Hemoglobin levels, TLC and CRP (p value less then 0.01, = 0.002, less then 0.01 respectively). Patients with pneumonia showed significant lower levels of Vit. D (9 ± 2.1) compared to controls (14.1 ± 2.8), P value less then 0.01. However, patient group had significant higher levels of Pentraxin 3 (29.1 ± 4.8) compared with controls (12.6 ± 3), P value less then 0.01. Moreover, mechanically ventilated patients revealed significant lower vit D (7.7 ± 1.8) and higher pentraxin 3 (32.2 ± 2.6) compared to patients on free oxygen (9.1 ± 2.1, 26.4 ± 3.7 respectively), P value = 0.05, 0.02 respectively. Regarding hospital stay, it had significant positive correlation with serum pentraxin 3 (r = 0.6, P value less then 0.01) and significant negative correlation with serum vit D (r = -0.4, P value = 0.04). Finally a significant negative correlation between serum levels of vitamin D and Pentraxin 3 was found (r = -0.4, P value = 0.01). CONCLUSION Lower concentration of serum vitamin D may be significantly associated with neonatal pneumonia. It also can predict the need for mechanical ventilation and duration of hospital stay in neonatal pneumonia. Similarly, higher levels of Pentraxin 3 may be used as an indicator for mechanical ventilation need and a longer hospital stay in neonates with pneumonia. Copyright © 2019 Ghada M. El-Kassas, Maged A. El Wakeel, Mona A. Elabd, Alyaa H. Kamhawy, Mohamed Abdel Atti, Shereen A. Abd El-Gaffar, Salwa Kamal Hanafy, Eman Awadallah.BACKGROUND Epilepsy is the most frequent chronic neurologic condition in childhood. Its clinical diagnosis is based on electroencephalograms (EEG) and neuroimaging techniques. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) modulate gene expression of several genes and are aberrantly expressed in several diseases. AIM Evaluation of using circulating miR-106b and miR-146a as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in children patients with epilepsy. METHODS Thirty epileptic children and twenty controls were enrolled in our study. They were assessed for the expression pattern of miR-106b and miR-146a in plasma using quantitative real-time PCR and determination of plasma Immunoglobulin levels. RESULTS MiR-146a and miR-106b expression patterns were significantly up-regulated in children patients than that in normal controls. Plasma Immunoglobulins were differentially expressed in epileptic patients in comparison with healthy controls. No correlations were found between expression levels of miRNAs (miR-146a and miR-106b) and clinical data or immunoglobulin levels in children patients with epilepsy. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that up-regulated plasma miR-106b and miR-146a could be used as biomarkers for epilepsy evaluation. Copyright © 2019 Hala G. Elnady, Naglaa Abdelmoneam, Eman Eissa, Enas R. Abdel Hamid, Dina Abu Zeid, Assem M. Abo-Shanab, Hanan Atta, Naglaa M. Kholoussi.BACKGROUND The gene polymorphism (-308G/A) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels influence development of disease in type 2 diabetic patients and tuberculosis patients. AIM In this study, we analyze the association between the TNF-α polymorphisms (-308G/A) and the levels of TNF-α in type 2 diabetic patients with and without tuberculosis infection. METHODS This study was an analytic observational with cross sectional approach consisting 40 type 2 diabetic patients with tuberculosis infection, 40 type 2 diabetic patients without tuberculosis infection and 40 healthy control (HC) subjects. The TNF-α gene polymorphism (-308G/A) was analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lengths polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) method. The TNF-α levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association between gene polymorphism (-308G/A) in study groups was analyzed by Fisher's exact test, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in study groups was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium also determined genotype deviation and allele frequencies. RESULTS The GG and GA+AA genotypes frequency in both of patient groups and HC subjects were not differ significantly (95% and 5% vs 95% and 5% vs 92.5% and 7.5%; p > 0.05). The TNF-α levels (pg/ml) of type 2 diabetic without tuberculosis infection were higher than those of type 2 diabetic with tuberculosis infection and HC subjects (7.42 ± 0.78 vs 2.23 ± 0.51 vs 2.57 ± 0.63; p 0.05). There was no significant deviation of genotype frequency and allele from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. CONCLUSION The gene polymorphism (-308G/A) had no association with type 2 diabetic patients with and without tuberculosis infection and the gene polymorphism (-308G/A) was not influence the TNF-α levels but there was a significant differentiation of TNF-α levels between the groups. Copyright © 2019 Milahayati Daulay, Mutiara Indah Sari, Dian Dwi Wahyuni, Siti Syarifah.BACKGROUND Oxidative stress may play a role in complications of hemodialysis patients as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and inflammation. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the oxidative stress in hemodialysis pediatric patients through measurement of oxidative stress enzymes as paraoxanase activity (PON), arylesterase activity (ASA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and also non-enzymatic antioxidant vitamins as vitamins A, C and E levels. METHODS The study included 50 hemodialysis pediatric patients with mean age 11.4 ± 5.4 years and 30 normal children of matched sex and age as a control group. Assessment of oxidative stresses was done using ELIZA technique. RESULTS SOD, ASA, and vitamin C were significantly lower among hemodialysis patients in comparison to control group (p = 0.004, 0.004, > 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION The study concluded that oxidative stress was common finding in hemodialysis pediatric patients which may play a role in complications encountered among these patients. Copyright © 2019 Mohamed G. Shouman, Samar Sabry, Rasha E. E. Galal, Emad Salama, Aliaa Ahmed Wahby, Eman Awadallah, Abeer Selim.BACKGROUND Cd (II) ion is a heavy metal that has a toxic ability in the human body. P. macrocarpa has been used as anticancer, Diabetes Mellitus and antimicrobe because it consists of flavonoid, steroid, and tannin. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of P. macrocarpa fruits extract as an antidote for the toxicity of Cd (II) in the liver of experimental rats. METHODS The experimental laboratory was done by using 9 female of Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) that divided into 3 groups with the age between 2.5-3 months and weight between 133-160 grams. The first group was a control given distilled water and a normal diet. The second group was given antidote 5 mL of P. macrocarpa fruit extract x BW/200 g dosage for 7 days and induced by 1000 mg/L of Cd (II) ion with dosage of 1 mL x BW/200 g. The third group was given 1000 mg/L Cd (II) ion only of 1 mL x BW/200 g. After 5 hours, the blood sample was taken for analysis of MDA, SGOT, and SGPT. RESULTS As the result of experimental rats exposed with Cd (II) ion, there are significant decreasing of all the observed parameters including MAD, SGOT and SGPT with percentage 71.5%, 72.1%, and 93.6% respectively. CONCLUSION The rats given with the antidote of Phaleria macrocarpa flesh fruit were able to protect the liver from damage due to exposure to Cd (II) as seen from the decrease in liver function enzyme parameters namely SGOT and SGPT. Copyright © 2019 Ali Napiah Nasution, Hermansyah Aziz, Djong Hon Tjong, Rahmiana Zein.BACKGROUND Inflammation that occurred in the tumor microenvironment was characterized by abundant macrophage infiltration, playing role in innate immunity. Multinucleate giant cells (MGCs) occur in a variety of inflammatory, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid disorders. They also have been recognized as a feature of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate cases of PTC for the presence of macrophages, and estimate CD68+ TAMs density in tumor stroma, margin and the surrounding tissue. We assessed also MGCs. METHODS Macrophages and MGCs densities were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters to assess the possible prognostic significance. We investigated 56 patients immunohistochemically and immunofluorescence with antibodies against CD68 and IL-17. RESULTS A statistically significant correlation was established between PTC patients in III stage, containing many MGCs, and PTC in I and II stage, with many MGCs. Eighty Percent of patients in III stage showed many MGCs in comparison with patients in I and II stage, where many MGCs were found only in 21,1% (χ2 = 6.189, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the increased density of MGCs is associated with advanced stage of PTC, and therefore with tumor progression and that cases of PTC should be carefully screened for their presence. Copyright © 2019 Maya Vladova Gulubova, Koni Vancho Ivanova.BACKGROUND Intra-peritoneal adhesions (IPAs) common occurre in post abdominal surgical. Athough many methods have been developed for controlling IPAs, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) application, however, there is none completely preventing in due to the mesothelial structure may promote the prolonged inflammations leading. Nevertheless hypoxia-MSCs (H-MSCs) have more potent in controlling the inflammation than normoxia-MSCs (N-MSCs) by releasing several anti-inflamation particularly IL-10, however the H-MSCs application to inhibit IPAs remain unclear. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of H-MSCs in preventing the AIPs event by releasing IL-10 on the ileum abrasion sutured omental patch as the animal model of peritoneal adhesion. METHODS Using 24 IPAs animal model were randomly divided into 4 groups Sham (Sh), Control (C), H-MSCs at high dose (T1) and H-MSCs at low dose (T2). H-MSCs were incubated under hypoxic conditions (5% O2), 37°C and 5% CO2 for 24 hours. The expression level of IL-10 was performed using RT-PCR analysis.
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