Notes

TractEM: Evaluation of standards pertaining to deterministic tractography whitened matter atlas.
ity of the middle ear effusion.

Based on OCT data, it is possible to determine the indications for surgical treatment of OME by detecting viscous exudate.
Based on OCT data, it is possible to determine the indications for surgical treatment of OME by detecting viscous exudate.There are no reliable data on the volume of the drug reaching the affected tympanic cavity during the catheterization of Eustachian tube (ET). #link# Objective to conduct an experiment and to study the effectiveness of administering a drug into the tympanic cavity of the middle ear using an original ear catheter, which allows catheterization of ET in the direction of its lumen. The study included patients with unilateral OME (n=21, the duration of the disease from 2 to 3 months), who were recommended for the ventilation tube insertion. The main inclusion criterion was 3 degree of patency of the ET. The experiment was performed under endotracheal anesthesia. ET was catheterized before insertion of the ventilation tube, with a 0.9% saline in a volume of 7 ml, which was previously tinted with Brilliant Green. A syringe with a contrast solution was connected to an ear catheter and the drug was injected into the middle ear by the air-liquid substitution method. Otoscopically evaluated the following parameters the volume of the injected drug (in ml) for the initial (V1), partial (V2) and complete filling of the tympanic cavity (V3). As a result, it was found that 18 patients (85.7%) achieved full or partial filling of the tympanic cavity with a stained preparation V1=2.25 ml, V2=7.0 ml in 11 (52.4%) patients, V3=4.29 ml - in 7 (33.3%) patients. In this case, the minimum loss of the liquid form of the drug during CT catheterization is 12. In 3 (14.3%) patients there were no endoscopic signs of contrasting of the tympanic cavity.A retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 436 patients (332 adults and 104 children under the age of 15 years) with acquired middle ear cholesteatoma was performed to identify possible predictors of relapse of the process and a prospective assessment of the results of surgical treatment. It was revealed that the leading factors in the development of residual pathology were the presence of cholesteatoma in the area of destruction of the bone wall of the canal of the facial nerve, cholesteatoma of the hypothympanum, cholesteatoma in the place of destruction of the bone wall of the posterior cranial fossa. The key reasons for the formation of recurrent pathology were children under 15 years of age, closed surgery, pathological changes in the tympanic orifice of the auditory tube and the presence of cholesteatoma in its lumen. Performing a closed operation in adults with pathology of the tympanic orifice of the auditory tube increases the risk of recurrent cholesteatoma by 18.6%, and in children by 20%. ARS-853 molecular weight of a closed method of surgical intervention for the epitympanic type of the disease can increase the risk of residual pathology by 17.2% in adults and 27.8% in children.'Tree-in-bud' (TIB) appearance in computed tomography (CT) chest is most commonly a manifestation of infection. We here describe an unusual cause of TIB during the COVID-19 pandemic. A young male patient who had a history of fever, cough, and respiratory distress presented in the emergency department. As these symptoms matched with coronavirus infection, the COVID-19 test was done, which was found negative. He was then moved to the intensive care unit where he developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and was put on mechanical ventilation. Further workup did not reveal any source of infection, as all his cultures were negative, but his CT chest showed a tree-in-bud appearance. After obtaining a detailed history from his friends, the patient was found a chronic abuser of inhaled cocaine and treated with intravenous steroids. Subsequently, he was weaned from the ventilator and discharged from the intensive care unit after becoming asymptomatic.COVID-19 has been affecting mankind round the globe. The incidence of this infectious disease of respiratory origin is constantly on rise. Another infectious disease widely prevalent is tuberculosis (TB). During past corona virus pandemics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, coinfection with TB was seen. We present this review as the co-infection of COVID-19 with TB has not been assessed yet, imposing a greater global threat. We suggest few measures to be implemented without delay for effectively screening the suspects of co-infection and also follow up of non-suspect patients in the post-pandemic phase.Cystic fibrohistiocytic tumour of the lung is a very rare pathological entity that occurs either as a primary pulmonary neoplasm or as a metastasis from skin lesions called cellular fibrous histiocytomas. Herein, we present the case of a 19-year old man with a history of recurrent pneumothoraces who was managed surgically and was eventually diagnosed with cystic fibrohistiocytic tumour of the lung. Clinicians should include this disease in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary cystic lesions and be aware of its association with cellular fibrous histiocytoma. Reporting of more cases is warranted to further elucidate the natural course of the disease and optimise its management.
Practical implementation of acousto-optic imaging (AOI) encounters difficulties that prevent it from rapid adoption in clinical use. link2 In many practical medical applications, the region of interest may be accessed only from one side, and using a water tank for coupling is not feasible. The solution might be to use reflection-mode imaging with an electronically scanned ultrasound (US) focus. Such an approach, however, entails considerable challenges.

The possibilities of detecting and localizing light-absorbing inclusions inside turbid media by combining reflection-mode AOI conducted using a one-dimensional US array with electronic scanning of the US focus are investigated experimentally and signal processing algorithms that could be used for this purpose are introduced.

We determine the speckle contrast decrease due to the acousto-optic effect as a function of the US focal point coordinates. Different signal postprocessing techniques are investigated.

A significant decrease in the determined speckle contrast difference values is observed due to the presence of light-absorbing inclusions. However, local minima occur in the plots only under specific conditions. Subtracting individual distributions and determining symmetry deviations allow for localizing the inclusions.

Detection and localization of optically distinct regions are possible using the introduced approach. Signal postprocessing is required in a general case.
Detection and localization of optically distinct regions are possible using the introduced approach. Signal postprocessing is required in a general case.
In breast-preserving tumor surgery, the inspection of the excised tissue boundaries for tumor residue is too slow to provide feedback during the surgery. The discovery of positive margins requires a new surgery which is difficult and associated with low success. If the re-excision could be done immediately this is believed to improve the success rate considerably.

Our aim is for a fast microscopic analysis that can be done directly on the excised tissue in or near the operating theatre.

We demonstrate the combination of three nonlinear imaging techniques at selected wavelengths to delineate tumor boundaries. We use hyperspectral coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), second harmonic generation (SHG), and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPF) on excised patient tissue.

We show the discriminatory power of each of the signals and demonstrate a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.95 using four CARS wavelengths in combination with SHG and TPF. We verify that the information is independent of sample treatment.

Nonlinear multispectral imaging can be used to accurately determine tumor boundaries. This demonstration using microscopy in the epi-direction directly on thick tissue slices brings this technology one step closer to clinical implementation.
Nonlinear multispectral imaging can be used to accurately determine tumor boundaries. This demonstration using microscopy in the epi-direction directly on thick tissue slices brings this technology one step closer to clinical implementation.
There are few treatment options for patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM).

We report a case series of patients with breast cancer and LM treated with intra-CSF topotecan (TOPO). link3 Outcome was assessed by clinical exam and MRI at baseline, at end of induction (4-5weeks), then every 3months; CSF cytology was determined at baseline and with each treatment.

Thirty-one women [median age, 58 (37-81); median KPS 60 (40-100)] received treatment. At baseline, 68% had positive CSF cytology, and 90%, leptomeningeal enhancement on MRI. 84% of patients also received focal RT (not during TOPO) and 77% received concomitant systemic hormonal or chemotherapy. Median number of TOPO treatments was 14.5 (range, 3-71); median duration of treatment, 11weeks (1-176); and median OS, 6.9months (range, 0.9-48.8). Patients remaining progression-free during 4-6weeks of induction (81%) had a median OS of 11.5months (range, 1.8-48.8). Overall neurologic PFS at 6, 12, and 24months was 39%, 26%, and 6%, respectively. Clearing of CSF malignant cells for >3 consecutive samples occurred in 10/21 (48%) patients with positive CSF cytology at baseline, remaining clear for a median duration of 15.9months (range, 1.4-34.5). Grade 3 adverse events included headache or vomiting (3pts), T2 hyperintensity surrounding the ventricular catheter (2 pts), and meningitis (2 pts).

Intra-CSF TOPO, with focal RT as needed for symptomatic areas of enhancement produced durable clearing of CSF malignant cells in 48% of patients positive at baseline, with promising median PFS and OS.
Intra-CSF TOPO, with focal RT as needed for symptomatic areas of enhancement produced durable clearing of CSF malignant cells in 48% of patients positive at baseline, with promising median PFS and OS.Researchers, engineers, and medical doctors are made aware of the severity of the COVID-19 infection and act quickly against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 using a large variety of tools. In this review, a panoply of nanoscience and nanotechnology approaches show how these disciplines can help the medical, technical, and scientific communities to fight the pandemic, highlighting the development of nanomaterials for detection, sanitation, therapies, and vaccines. SARS-CoV-2, which can be regarded as a functional core-shell nanoparticle (NP), can interact with diverse materials in its vicinity and remains attached for variable times while preserving its bioactivity. These studies are critical for the appropriate use of controlled disinfection systems. Other nanotechnological approaches are also decisive for the development of improved novel testing and diagnosis kits of coronavirus that are urgently required. Therapeutics are based on nanotechnology strategies as well and focus on antiviral drug design and on new nanoarchitectured vaccines.
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