Notes

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We find that simple heuristic methods that select nodes with high degree or many contacts compare well in terms of outbreak detection performance with the (greedily) optimal set of nodes. see more Furthermore, we observe that nodes optimized on past periods may not be optimal for outbreak detection in future periods. However, seasonal effects may help in determining which past period generalizes well to some future period. Finally, we demonstrate that the detection performance depends on the simulation settings. In general, if we force the simulator to generate larger outbreaks, the detection performance will improve, as larger outbreaks tend to occur in the more connected part of the network where the top monitoring nodes are typically located. A natural progression of this work is to analyze how a representative set of outbreak scenarios can be generated, possibly taking into account more realistic propagation models.Infectious disease surveillance is often case-based, focused on people diagnosed and their contacts in a predefined time window, and treated as independent across infections. Network analysis of partners and contacts joining multiple investigations and infections can reveal social or temporal trends, providing opportunities for epidemic control within broader networks. We constructed a sociosexual network of all HIV and early syphilis cases and contacts investigated among residents of 11 contiguous counties in North Carolina over a two-year period (2012-2013). We anchored the analysis on new HIV diagnoses ("indexes"), but also included nodes and edges from syphilis investigations that were within the same network component as any new HIV index. After adding syphilis investigations and deduplicating people included in multiple investigations (entity resolution), the final network comprised 1470 people 569 HIV indexes, 700 contacts to HIV indexes who were not also new cases themselves, and 201 people who were either indexes or contacts in eligible syphilis investigations. Among HIV indexes, nearly half (48%; n = 273) had no located contacts during single-investigation contact tracing, though 25 (9%) of these were identified by other network members and thus not isolated in the final multiple investigation network. Constructing a sociosexual network from cases and contacts across multiple investigations mitigated some effects of unobserved partnerships underlying the HIV epidemic and demonstrated the HIV and syphilis overlap in these networks.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100500.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100449.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100440.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100448.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100380.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100549.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100372.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100468.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100561.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.12.003.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100539.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100477.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100476.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100505.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100530.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.02.001.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100464.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100426.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100418.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100537.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.03.006.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100540.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100406.].Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is receiving increasing attention as studies have suggested that SCD status is associated with risk of future cognitive decline and dementia. Population-based measures of SCD can be extremely useful to the public health community, health-care providers, researchers, and policymakers. A large population-based SCD measure now exists through the state-based Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). All 50 states have included the cognitive decline module, which asks about SCD, to their BRFSS survey one or more times. Population measures of SCD can aid researchers in designing clinical studies by better estimating the populations that may be at risk for more severe cognitive decline based on their SCD status to ensure that the optimal groups are targeted. Population-level estimates of SCD can also help to inform health-care providers' decisions about initiating cognitive assessments, managing other conditions among those with memory problems, and identifying the needs of caregivers.
Ultrasound for the brain is a revolutionary therapeutic concept. The first clinical data indicate that 2-4weeks of therapy with transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) improve functional networks and cognitive performance of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients for up to 3 months. No data currently exist on possible benefits concerning brain morphology, namely the cortical atrophy characteristic of AD.

We performed a pre-/post-therapy analysis of cortical thickness in a group of N=17 AD patients.

We found a significant correlation between neuropsychological improvement and cortical thickness increase in AD-critical brain areas.

AD patients who benefit from TPS appear to manifest reduced cortical atrophy within the default mode network in particular, whose memory-related subsystems are believed to be disrupted in AD. TPS may therefore hold promise as a new add-on therapy for AD.
AD patients who benefit from TPS appear to manifest reduced cortical atrophy within the default mode network in particular, whose memory-related subsystems are believed to be disrupted in AD. TPS may therefore hold promise as a new add-on therapy for AD.
The aim of this study was to test the mediating role of perceived discrimination and stress on associations between perceived neighborhood social environment (PNSE) and TV viewing.

Baseline data were used for 4716 participants (mean age=55.1y; 63.4% female) in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), a large prospective cohort study of African Americans in Jackson, Mississippi. One binary TV viewing outcome was created ≥4h/day versus <4h/day. PNSE variables included neighborhood violence, problems (higher value=more violence/problems), and social cohesion (higher value=more cohesion). Mediators included perceived lifetime discrimination, daily discrimination, and chronic stress (higher value=greater discrimination/stress). Multivariable regression was used with bootstrap-generated 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals (BC CIs) to test for mediation adjusting for demographics, health-related and psychosocial factors, and population density.

Neighborhood violence, problems, and social cohesion were indirectly associated with TV viewing through lifetime discrimination (
=1.
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