Notes

Exocytosis within Astrocytes.
To determine the prognostic factors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in a group of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by analyzing their clinical and radiological features.

Patients with NSCLC who underwent EGFR mutation detection between 2014 and 2017 were included. CB-5339 Clinical features and general imaging features were collected, and radiomic features were extracted from CT data by 3D Slicer software. Prognostic factors of EGFR mutation status were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn for each prediction model of EGFR mutation.

A total of 118 patients were enrolled in this study. The smoking index (P=0.028), pleural retraction (P=0.041), and three radiomic features were significantly associated with EGFR mutation status. The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) for prediction models of clinical features, general imaging features, and radiomic features were 0.284, 0.703, and 0.815, respectively, and the AUC for the combined prediction model of the three models was 0.894. Finally, a nomogram was established for individualized EGFR mutation prediction.

The combination of radiomic features with clinical features and general imaging features can enable discrimination of EGFR mutation status better than the use of any group of features alone. Our study may help develop a noninvasive biomarker to identify EGFR mutation status by using a combination of the three group features.
The combination of radiomic features with clinical features and general imaging features can enable discrimination of EGFR mutation status better than the use of any group of features alone. Our study may help develop a noninvasive biomarker to identify EGFR mutation status by using a combination of the three group features.
Activated protein C (APC) resistance is a major risk factor of venous thrombosis which may be acquired by hormonal therapy or other causes. The FibWave, a sensitive global clot-based assay design to analyze the coagulation kinetics in plasma, may be a good candidate to assess this prothrombotic state. This study aims to assess the suitability of the FibWave to differentiate the coagulation kinetics of women on oral contraceptives.

Fifty-four healthy volunteers were divided into 5 groups men [n=13], women not using hormonal contraception [n=12], women using second [n=12] or third generation [n=12] combined oral contraceptives, and women using progestin only contraceptive [n=5]. Patients with coagulation abnormalities were also assessed [n=8]. The APC resistance was assessed on the FibWave using exogenous APC or Protac, and on the Calibrated Automated Thrombogram using the ETP-based APC resistance assay.

Either in presence or in absence of APC or Protac, the FibWave was able to detect a hypercoagulable state in plasma samples. All combined oral contraceptives showed a lower FW-Max
, FW-Max
and FW-Min
percentage of inhibition and a lower FW-Ttpeak ratio than the other groups. The sensitivity of the FibWave was similar to the one of the ETP-based APC resistance assay.

The FibWave is able to differentiate APC resistance levels observed in women on combined oral contraceptive. The FW-Max
, FW-Max
and to a lesser degree FW-Min
were identified as the most sensitive parameters with a similar performance to the ETP-based APC resistance assay.
The FibWave is able to differentiate APC resistance levels observed in women on combined oral contraceptive. The FW-Max1 , FW-Max2, and to a lesser degree FW-Min2 were identified as the most sensitive parameters with a similar performance to the ETP-based APC resistance assay.
Oncogenic alterations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling are frequently noted in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In recent decades, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed, although the therapeutic efficacy of these inhibitor is restricted to EGFR-mutant patients. In this study, we investigated that clathrin-mediated EGFR endocytosis hampers the effects of gefitinib and sustains NSCLC cells with wild-type EGFR.

NSCLC cell lines (H358, Calu-3, SNU-1327, and H1703) were stimulated with the EGF and treated with gefitinib and endocytosis inhibitors (phenylarsine oxide (PAO) and Filipin III). link2 Growth inhibition and apoptosis were evaluated. Immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and western blot assay were performed to investigate EGFR endocytosis and determine the signaling pathway. Xenograft mouse models were used to verify the combination effect of gefitinib and PAO in vivo.

We confirmed the differences in EGFR endocytosis according to gefitinib response in wild-tbined with gefitinib could be an option in treatment of wild-type EGFR NSCLC.Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) was identified and associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in new born piglets and has been reported in many countries. In China, the first APPV identification in swine herds was reported in Guangdong province in 2016. To investigate the genetic characteristics of APPV in Guangxi province, 53 tissue samples from neonatal piglets with CT were collected and detected from October 2017 to May 2019. Five APPV strains which were named as GX04/2017, GX01-2018, GX02-2018, GX01-2019 and GX02-2019 were obtained. Sequence analysis revealed that all six APPV strains from Guangxi province, including five strains from this study and one from a previous report, shared 83.3%-97.5% nucleotide identity of complete genome and 91.7%-99.1% amino acid identity of the open reading frame (ORF), and shared 77.7%-97.7% nucleotide identity of complete genome and 90.6%-99.3% amino acid identity of ORF with reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all APPV strains could be divided into three clades based on the complete genome, Npro , Erns and E2 gene sequences, respectively; and the APPV strains from Guangxi province distributed in two clades (clades I and II). No sign of recombination was observed from Guangxi strains. Evolution analysis performed on the complete genome of 58 APPV strains showed that America, Europe and Asia strains during 2006-2019 evolved at a mean rate of 1.37 × 10-4 substitutions/site/year, and the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of them was estimated as 1,700.5 years ago. The findings of this study indicated that there existed a high degree of genetic diversity of APPV from Guangxi province, Southern China, which provided important information on the epidemiological features and evolutionary relationships of APPV.Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the intracellular bacterium, Coxiella burnetii. Its primary mode of transmission is by inhalation of aerosols originating from infected animals and contaminated environments. The organism has a very low infective dose, can persist in the environment for long periods of time and large outbreaks fuelled by windborne spread have been previously reported. Detection of C. burnetii in the environment is therefore important during human and animal outbreak investigations and for the control and prevention of Q fever. This study aimed to systematically review and critically appraise the published literature on sampling methods used to detect C. burnetii from different environmental samples. A search of four electronic databases with subsequent hand searching identified 47 eligible articles published since 1935. These articles described sampling of dust, air, soil and liquids in attempts to detect C. link3 burnetii during 19 Q fever outbreaks and in 28 endemic settings. Environmental positivity was most commonly associated with ruminant livestock populations. Evidence describing spatio-temporal characteristics and associated geographical dispersion gradients was limited. The most commonly tested sample type was dust which also yielded the highest bacterial loads of >108 bacteria/cloth. The MD8 (Sartorius) air sampler was used widely for air sampling. Soil was the only sample type for which a validated laboratory protocol was established specifically for C. burnetii. Each environmental sample type has its advantages and limitations which are discussed in detail and a simplified framework to guide decisions around environmental sampling for C. burnetii is provided. In any type of environmental sampling, it is recommended to use standardized and validated methods and to match the most ideal sampling strategy and timing with the research context. These conditions are essential to be considered when designing future Q fever management plans that involve environmental sampling for C. burnetii.
Anxiety and stress like mental illnesses are the common outcomes of viral epidemics and pandemics. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, and then spread all over the world in a short time.

To highlight and discuss the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental or psychological health.

Literature search and collection of the information were performed using PubMed, the reports from the World health organization, and the Center for disease control and prevention.

COVID-19 infection has already been declared as a global pandemic, which in association with infodemic has increased the risk of psychiatric/psychological disorders. A large population of the world is prone to develop anxiety, depressive disorders, and other mental abnormalities. Therefore, timely psychological interventions and preventive strategies are required. Moreover, the infection has been reported to be linked with cerebrovascular conditions; therefore, patients with underlying cerebrovascular diseases should be given attention.

COVID-19-mediated mental health complications and cerebrovascular conditions may cause a huge burden on healthcare communities in the future. Therefore, timely intervention and the development or application of preventive strategies are required to decrease the risk of neurological consequences.
COVID-19-mediated mental health complications and cerebrovascular conditions may cause a huge burden on healthcare communities in the future. Therefore, timely intervention and the development or application of preventive strategies are required to decrease the risk of neurological consequences.Embolectomy is one of the emergency procedures performed to remove emboli. Assessing the composition of human blood clots is an important diagnostic factor and could provide guidance for an appropriate treatment strategy for interventional physicians. Immunostaining has been used to identity compositions of clots as a gold-standard procedure, but it is time-consuming and cannot be performed in situ. Here, we proposed that the optical attenuation coefficient of optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be a reliable indicator as a new imaging modality to differentiate clot compositions. Fifteen human blood clots with multiple red blood cell (RBC) compositions from 21% to 95% were prepared using healthy human whole blood. A homogeneous gelatin phantom experiment and numerical simulation based on the Lambert-Beer's law were examined to verify the validity of the attenuation coefficient estimation. The results displayed that optical attenuation coefficients were strongly correlated with RBC compositions. We reported that attenuation coefficients could be a promising biomarker to guide the choice of an appropriate interventional device in a clinical setting and assist in characterizing blood clots.
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