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In this work, we investigated the effect of Ag doping (2-20 at.%) on the phase formation of iron mononitride (FeN) thin films. Together with deposition of FeN using reactive dc magnetron sputtering, Ag was also co-sputtered at various doping levels between 2-20 at.%. We found that doping of Ag around 5 at.% is optimum to not only improve the thermal stability of FeN but also to reduce intrinsic defects that are invariably present in (even in epitaxial) FeN. Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy and N K-edge x-ray near edge absorption measurements clearly reveal a reduction of defects in Ag doped FeN samples. Moreover, Fe self-diffusion measurements carried out using secondary ion mass spectroscopy depth-profiling and polarized neutron reflectivity in57Fe enriched samples exhibit an appreciable reduction in Fe self-diffusion in Ag doped FeN samples. Ag being immiscible with Fe and non-reactive with N, occupies grain-boundary positions as nanoparticles and prohibits the fast Fe self-diffusion in FeN.The pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by Müller cells aggregate retinal cell loss and vascularization in diabetic retinopathy (DR). The deubiquitinase BRCA1-BRCA2-containing complex subunit 3 (BRCC3)-mediated nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptor containing a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation participate in this progress. This study aims to clarify whether the E3 ubiquitin ligase synoviolin (SYVN1) relieves DR via regulating the BRCC3/NLRP3 axis. Gilteritinib in vitro The DR model was established using streptozotocin-induced mice. Immunofluorescence staining with anti-CD31, anti-glutamine synthetase, and anti-vimentin was performed to identify DR and Müller cells. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-18, in murine serum and Müller cell supernatants were determined. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and ubiquitination assays were used to clarify the interactions among SYVN1, BRCC3, and NLRP3. SYVN1 was reduced and BRCC3 was increased in DR retina and high glucose (HG)-induced Müller cells. Overexpressing 1 promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of BRCC3 and reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in HG-induced Müller cells. The simultaneous overexpression of 1 and Brcc3 restored the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by the overexpression of 1 alone. Co-IP experiments confirmed the interaction between BRCC3 and NLRP3. SYVN1-mediated BRCC3 downregulation promoted NLRP3 ubiquitination and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. 1 overexpression reduced retinal vascularization and inflammatory cytokine secretion in DR mice. SYVN1 has a protective effect on DR, whose molecular mechanisms are partly through SYVN1-mediated ubiquitination of BRCC3 and the subsequent downregulation of NLRP3.Increasing body of recent studies determining the expression of tumor-specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II protein supports its potential role in several malignancies, but little is known in human medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Here, we report the expression of MHC-II and its clinicopathologic and prognostic relevance in MTC patients. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed a significant reduction in tumor cell-specific MHC-II expression in a higher AJCC stage and its poor prognostic correlation with human MTC development. link2 Further statistical analysis identified the low MHC-II expression as a significant and independent risk factor for MTC recurrence and patient survival. Moreover, in vitro studies showed that the MHC-II expression was remarkably increased by RET inhibitors, which were prescribed to treat advanced MTC. Similarly, inhibitors blocking the MAPK/ERK and AKT/mTOR pathways also augmented MHC-II expression, suggesting their implications in RET-MHC-II signaling axis. Importantly, in vitro assays manifested enhanced peripheral blood leukocytes-mediated cytotoxicity in MTC cells treated with RET inhibitors, which were partially alleviated by HLA knock-down. Together, our study demonstrates that low MHC-II expression levels may serve as a prognostic biomarker for aggressive diseases in MTC patients and indicates that RET activation may promote MTC immune escape through downregulating MHC-II expression.To better understand the epizootiology of caprine paratuberculosis in the North of Portugal, a cross-sectional study was conducted from 2014 to 2015. The seroprevalence and risk factors for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) seropositivity were evaluated. Antibodies against Map were determined by a commercial ELISA. In 936 sera tested from 56 goat herds, 120 (12.8%, 95% CI 10.8-15.1%) goats and 34 (60.7%, 95% CI 47.6-72.4%) herds were positive. Risk factors for seropositivity were investigated by logistic regression models. The odds of Map seropositivity were found to be higher for animals with clinical signs, OR = 5.1 (95% CI 2.7-9.6%), animals belonging to herds with previous wasting disease, OR = 2.3 (95% CI 1.1-4.8%), and accumulation of manure in the herd, OR = 3.1 (95% CI 1.7-5.7%). The potential risk factors identified in this study support the current recommendations for the control of paratuberculosis in these and other animals.Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1, encoded by the HMOX1 gene) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes heme degradation, and it has been reported to exert antioxidative effects. Recently, decidualization has been reported to confer resistance to environmental stress signals, protecting against oxidative stress. However, the effects and regulatory mechanism of HO-1 in decidual stromal cells (DSCs) during early pregnancy remain unknown. Here, we verified that the levels of HO-1 and heme in DSCs are increased compared with those in endometrial stromal cells. Additionally, the upregulation of HIF1A expression led to increased HMOX1 expression in DSCs possibly via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (encoded by the NFE2L2 gene). However, addition of the competitive HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX resulted in an increase in HIF1A expression. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased the cell viability of DSCs in vitro, and upregulated the level of heme. As an HO-1 inducer, cobalt protoporphyrin IX decreased ROS production and significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on cell viability. More importantly, patients with unexplained spontaneous abortion had low levels of HO-1 that were insufficient to protect against oxidative stress. This study suggests that the upregulation of HO-1 expression via HIF1A protects DSCs against excessive heme-mediated oxidative stress. Furthermore, the excessive oxidative stress injury and impaired viability of DSCs associated with decreased HO-1 expression should be associated with the occurrence and/or development of spontaneous abortion.
Nurses play an important role in supporting pregnant women making decisions about prenatal screening for Down syndrome. We developed a web-based shared decision-making (SDM) training program for health professionals focusing on Down syndrome screening decisions.

In this study, we aim to assess the impact of an SDM training program on nurses' intention to use a decision aid with pregnant women deciding on prenatal screening for Down syndrome.

In this 2-arm, parallel controlled trial, French-speaking nurses working with pregnant women in the province of Quebec were recruited by a private survey firm. They were allocated by convenience either to the intervention group (web-based SDM course that included prenatal screening) or to the control group (web-based course focusing on prenatal screening alone, with no SDM content). The primary outcome was the intention to use a decision aid. Secondary outcomes were psychosocial variables of intention, knowledge, satisfaction, acceptability, perceived usefulness, anoup (79%, 95% CI 70-89 vs 64%, 95% CI 57-71; P=.009). The intervention was significantly more acceptable in the intervention group (4.6, 95% CI 4.4-4.8 vs 4.3, 95% CI 4.1-4.5; P=.02), and reaction to the pedagogical approach was also significantly more positive in the intervention group (4.7, 95% CI 4.5-4.8 vs 4.4, 95% CI 4.2-4.5; P=.02). There was no significant difference in overall satisfaction (or in perceived usefulness). Furthermore, 17 participants (9 in the intervention group and 8 in the control group) provided written comments on the intervention.

This study focuses on web-based nursing education and its potential to support pregnant women's decision-making needs. It shows that nurses' intention to use a decision aid to enhance SDM in prenatal care is high, with or without training, but that their knowledge about SDM can be improved with web-based training.

RR2-10.2196/17878.
RR2-10.2196/17878.
Stroke is the commonest cause of epileptic seizures in older adults. Risk factors for post-stroke seizure (PSS) are well known, however, predicting PSS risk is clinically challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of PSS risk prediction models developed to date.

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using MEDLINE and EMBASE from database inception to 28
December 2020. The search criteria included all peer-reviewed research articles, in which PSS risk prediction models were developed or validated for ischaemic and/or haemorrhagic stroke. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to generate summary statistics of model performance and receiver operating characteristic curves. Quality appraisal of studies was conducted using PROBAST.

Thirteen original studies involving 182,673 stroke patients (mean age 38-74.9 years; 29.4-60.9% males), reporting 15 PSS risk prediction models were included. The incidence of early PSS (occurring ≤one week from stroke onset) and lati-epileptic drug prophylaxis.
Although risk factors for PSS are widely documented, this review identified few multivariate models with low risk of bias, synthetising single variables into an individual prediction of seizure risk. Such models may help personalise clinical management and serve as useful research tools by identifying stroke patients at high risk of developing PSS for recruitment into studies of anti-epileptic drug prophylaxis.To date, few studies have focused on the impact of anosognosia on patients' and caregivers' daily lives. However, in more general studies, anosognosia has been linked to increased burden of family caregivers, refusals to receive care, and increased caregivers' psycho-behavioral disorders. However, these studies did not specify the nature of the impact of anosognosia on these manifestations, often attributed to cognitive impairment which is more representative of the disease. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the impact of anosognosia on the patient-caregiver relationship and to identify possible future directions to lessening its consequences.We report a case study of a surgical candidate, a 51-year-old woman with left temporal lobe epilepsy, who failed a left injection intracarotid amobarbital procedure (e.g., Wada test), scoring 0 of 8 items. link3 This raised concerns for postoperative memory decline. However, the patient was uninterested in a neuromodulatory approach and wished to be reconsidered for surgery. A stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy (SLAH) was considered, encouraging the need for an alternative test to evaluate risk of memory decline. We developed a novel approach to testing memory during stimulation of a depth electrode implanted in the hippocampus, i.e., an electric Wada. During multiple stimulation trials across a range of amplitudes, the patient scored up to 8 of 8 items, which suggested strong contralateral memory support. The surgical team proceeded with a radiofrequency ablation and a subsequent SLAH. The patient remains seizure-free at 12 months post SLAH with no evidence of verbal or visuospatial memory decline based on a post-surgical neuropsychological battery.
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