Notes

8.3 The industrial Revolution and Time

The industrial revolution changed in two ways:
> People began to behave and organize themselves in a new way
> There was a revolution in the way in which clocks and watches were made

the Clerkenwell district of London, Britain's most skilled horological craftsmen, became the Silicon Valley of the era.
> Its products, clocks, watches, chronographs, were handcrafted empiricism, and NOT from a factory.

>Factories of Arkwright and others involved housing large machines, but also applying new kinds of business organization.

> Workers were woken by knocker-ups, and shifts were measured by a factory clock
> Agreed timetables were essential, as was a standard time
> Railways ultimately imposed Greenwich Time across Great Britain

In the Middle-Eighteenth century, the impact of the application of the PENDULUM and other improvements to clocks enabled rural craftsmen, often clockmaker-farmers, to manufacture cheap long-case clocks that were respectable and accurate.
>they assembled and finished the small clock components made in Birmingham's new toy factories after the 1770s. needed winding daily

> When any group of workers passed into a phase of improving living standards, observed the late E.P Thompson, "the acquisition of timepieces was one of the first things noted by observers"
> Parts were assembled in Liverpool, Coventry and Switzerland.

IN New ENgland, 1816-1837, ELi Terry redesigned and simplified clock movements to enable large quantities to be constructed and assembled. Initally was made of Wood and later Cheap Brass.
>Sold for $10 in 1810, soon after for much less. Sold in hundreds of thousands, in U.S. and Europe.
>Industrial revolution revolutionized the way timepieces were produced and changed our attitude towards ti,e as well.